Перевод: с греческого на все языки

со всех языков на греческий

Со всех языков на:
Греческий
С греческого на:
Английский

the beloved

Толкование Перевод

1 ἀγαπητός

-ή,-όν ⁺ A 3-1-7-6-7=24 Gn 22,2.12.16; Jgs^A 11,34; Is 5,1

desirable, amiable Ps 83(84),2; beloved Gn 22,2

καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἀγαπητὸν τοῖς φοβουμένοις αὐτόν it (abomination) is not loved by those who fear it, those who fear (abomination) do not love it Sir 15,13

*Ps 67(68),13 τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ the beloved-ידד for MT ידדון נדד they flee

Cf. ENGEL 1985, 132-133; HARL 1986a, 192-193; HORSLEY 1987, 254-255; PAESLACK 1954, 51-142;

SOUTER 1926, 59-60; SWINN 1990, 81; TURNER 1926, 113-129; →NIDNTT; TWNT

Lust (λαγνεία) > ἀγαπητός
2 μαθητής

μαθητής, οῦ, ὁ (s. μανθάνω; Hdt.+; ins; BGU 1125, 9 [I B.C.]; POxy 1029, 25. In LXX only in two places in Jer [13:21; 20:11], and then as v.l. of codex A; AscIs 3:17, 21; Philo, Joseph., apolog. exc. Ar.) gener. ‘learner, pupil, disciple’

① one who engages in learning through instruction from another, pupil, apprentice (in contrast to the teacher [Ath. 17, 3 μ. Δαιδάλου]; Did., Gen. 66, 25) Mt 10:24f; Lk 6:40 (TManson, The Teaching of Jesus, ’55, 237–40).

② one who is rather constantly associated with someone who has a pedagogical reputation or a particular set of views, disciple, adherent (Pla., Apol. 33a; X., Mem. 1, 6, 3; Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 5; Lucian, M. Peregr. 28 al.; Diog. L. 7, 7, 179; 8, 1, 3; 10, 11, 22; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 35, 254 οἱ μ.; SIG 1094, 5f αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ; Jos., Ant. 9, 68; 13, 289), oft. w. an indication of the pers. whose disciple one is, mostly in the gen. (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 176 Ἀριστοτέλους μ., Ant. 9, 33; 15, 3; Just., A I, 26, 4 τοῦ Σίμωνος; Tat. 39, 3 Ὀρφέως; Iren. 1, prologue 2 [Harv. I 4, 7] Οὐαλεντίνου; Theosophien 66 Φορφυρίου μ.).

ⓐ μ. Ἰωάννου Mt 9:14a; 11:2; 14:12; Mk 2:18ab; 6:29; Lk 5:33; 7:18f; 11:1; J 1:35, 37; 3:25. τ. Μωϋσέως 9:28b τῶν Φαρισαίων Mt 22:16; Mk 2:18c τοῦ Πολυκάρπου MPol 22:2; EpilMosq 1.

ⓑ esp. of the disciples of Jesus (of Paul: Orig., C. Cels. 1, 48, 70)

α. of the Twelve οἱ δώδεκα μ. αὐτοῦ his twelve disciples Mt 10:1; 11:1; οἱ ἕνδεκα μ. 28:16. οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ (or w. another gen. of similar mng.; cp. Just., A I, 67, 7 τοῖς ἀποστόλοις αὐτοῦ καὶ μαθηταῖς; Just., D. 53, 1 al.; Did., Gen. 38, 21; Orig., C. Cels. 2, 2, 10.—Yet it is somet. doubtful whether a particular pass. really means the Twelve and not a larger [s. β below] or smaller circle; EMartinez, CBQ 23, ’61, 281–92 [restricted to the 12, even in Mt 18]) Mt 8:21; 12:1; 15:2; Mk 5:31; 6:1, 35, 45; 8:27; Lk 8:9; J 2:2; 3:22 and oft. Also without a gen. (but freq. vv.ll. + αὐτοῦ) οἱ μ. Mt 13:10; 14:19; 16:5; Mk 8:1; 9:14; 10:24; Lk 9:16; J 4:31; 11:7f and oft.—LBrun, D. Berufung der ersten Jünger Jesu: SymbOsl 11, ’32, 35–54; SvanTilborg, The Jewish Leaders in Mt, ’72, 99–141; ULuz, Die Jünger im Mt, ZNW 62, ’71, 141–47; on the ‘beloved disciple’ of J 13:23 al. s. FFilson, JBL 68, ’49, 83–88; ETitus, ibid. ’50, 323–28; FNeirynck, The Anonymous Disciple in John 1: ETL 66, ’90, 5–37.

β. of Jesus’ disciples, male and female, gener. ὄχλος πολὺς μ. αὐτοῦ a large crowd of his adherents Lk 6:17; ἅπαν τὸ πλῆθος τῶν μ. the whole crowd of the disciples 19:37. οἱ μ. αὐτοῦ ἱκανοί a large number of his disciples 7:11 v.l. πολλοὶ ἐκ (v.l. om.) τῶν μ. αὐτοῦ J 6:66.—Papias (2:4).

γ. Even after Jesus’ resurrection those who followed him were called μ. (generations later, as Socrates is called the μ. of Homer: Dio Chrys. 38 [55], 3ff) οἱ μ. τοῦ κυρίου Ac 9:1; μ. Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IMg 9:2 (opp. ὁ μόνος διδάσκαλος, who also had the prophets as his μαθηταί vs. 3; 10:1). Ac uses μ. almost exclusively to denote the members of the new community of believers (Just., D. 35, 2; s. Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 127f), so that it almost= Christian (cp. 11:26) 6:1f, 7; 9:19; 11:26, 29; 13:52; 15:10 al. τῶν μαθητῶν (without τινές) some Christians 21:16 (cp. X., Cyr. 1, 4, 20, An. 3, 5, 16; Herodas 2, 36 τῶν πορνέων; Polyaenus 5, 17, 2 καὶ ἦσαν τῶν Μακεδόνων).—καλοὶ μαθηταί IPol 2:1. Individuals (Aberciusins. 3: Ἀ., ὁ μ. ποιμένος ἁγνοῦ): Ananias Ac 9:10; Mnason 21:16b; Timothy 16:1.

δ. The martyrs (s. on μάρτυς 3) are specif. called μ. κυρίου MPol 17:3. Also absol. μ. IEph 1:2; ITr 5:2; IRo 5:3; IPol 7:1. As long as a Christian’s blood has not been shed, the person is only a beginner in discipleship (IRo 5:3), not a μαθητὴς ἀληθῶς Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IRo 4:2.—For lit. s. on ἀπόστολος and s. also JWach, Meister and Jünger 1925; ESchweizer, Lordship and Discipleship, ’60, 464–66; GBornkamm, Bultmann Festschr., ’64, 171–91 (Mt 28:16–20)—B. 1225. DELG s.v. μανθάνω. M-M. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μαθητής
3 ἀγαπάω

ἀγαπάω impf. ἠγάπων; fut. ἀγαπήσω; 1 aor. ἠγάπησα; pf. ἠγάπηκα, ptc. ἠγαπηκώς; plpf. 3 sg. ἠγαπήκει Is. 2:25. Pass.: 1 fut. ἀγαπηθήσομαι; 1 aor. 2 sg. ἠγαπήθης Sir 47:16; pf. ptc. ἠγαπημένος (in var. mngs. Hom.+.—STromp de Ruiter, Gebruik en beteekenis van ἀγαπᾶν in de Grieksche Litteratuur 1930; CRichardson, Love: Gk. and Christian, JR 23, ’43,173–85).

① to have a warm regard for and interest in another, cherish, have affection for, love

ⓐ by human beings (Pind., Pla. et al.)

α. to a broad range of persons, apart from recipients of special devotion, for which see β; w. obj. given γυναῖκας Eph 5:25, 28, 33 (on proper attitude of the husband cp. Plut., Mor. 142e); Col 3:19; ὡς ἀδελφήν Hv 1, 1, 1. τὸν πλησίον Mt 5:43; 19:19; 22:39; Mk 12:31, 33 (on 33b s. Aristaen., Ep. 2, 13, end φιλῶ σε ὡς ἐμαυτήν); Ro 13:9; Gal 5:14; Js 2:8; B 19:5 (all quots. fr. Lev 19:18); s. πλησίον 2; τὸν ἕτερον Ro 13:8. τὸν ἀδελφόν 1J 2:10; 3:10; 4:20f. τοὺς ἀδελφούς 3:14. τὰ τέκνα τοῦ θεοῦ 5:2. ἀλλήλους J 13:34; 15:12, 17; 1J 3:11, 23; 4:7, 11f; 2J 5; Ro 13:8; 1 Th 4:9. τοὺς ἀγαπῶντας Mt 5:46; Lk 6:32. τὸ ἔθνος ἡμῶν 7:5. τοὺς ἐχθρούς Mt 5:44; Lk 6:27, 35; s. WvanUnnik, NovT 8, ’66, 284–300, and s. ἐχθρός 2bβ; ἀ. τινα ὑπὲρ τὴν ψυχήν love someone more than one’s own life B 1:4; 4:6; 19:5; D 2:7 (cp. Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 42 ὑπερφυῶς ἀ.; Kaibel 716, 5 φίλους ὑπὲρ ἁτὸν [=αὑτὸν] ἐτίμα). εἰ περισσοτέρως ὑμᾶς ἀγαπῶ, ἧσσον ἀγαπῶμαι; if I love you the more, am I to be loved less? 2 Cor 12:15; ἀ. πολύ, ὀλίγον show much or little affection Lk 7:47; cp. πλεῖον ἀγαπήσει αὐτόν will love him more vs. 42 (on the love-hate pair s. AFridrichsen, Svensk Exegetisk Årsbok 5, ’40, 152–62.—The meaning be grateful is suggested for Lk 7:42 by HWood, ET 66, ’55, 319, after JJeremias. See Jos., Bell. 1, 392 and Ps 114:1 LXX). Abs. ἡμεῖς ἀγαπῶμεν 1J 4:19. πᾶς ὁ ἀγαπῶν vs. 7. ὁ μὴ ἀγαπῶν vs. 8. W. indication of the kind of affection: ἀ. ἐν Ἰησοῦ Χρ. I Mg 6:2. Opp. μισεῖν (Dt 21:15–17) Mt 6:24; Lk 16:13.

β. to transcendent recipients of special devotion: to Jesus 1 Pt 1:8. Esp. in J: 8:42; 14:15, 21, 23f; 21:15f (always spoken by Jesus).—On the last passage s. AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 14, ’35, 46–49; EMcDowell, RevExp 32, ’35, 422–41; Goodsp., Probs. 116–18; JScott, ClW 39, ’45–’46, 71f; 40, ’46–’47, 60f; M-EBoismard, RB 54, ’47, 486f.—ἀ. and φιλέω may be used interchangeably here (cp. the freq. interchange of synonyms elsewh. in the same chapter [βόσκειν–ποιμαίνειν, ἀρνία–προβάτια, ἑλκύειν–σύρειν], but s. KMcKay, NovT 27, ’85, 319–33; also φιλέω).—To God (Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 61; Sextus 442; 444; ParJer 6:6; LXX; Philo, Post. Caini 69; Jos., Ant. 7, 269; TestBenj 3:1; 4:5) Mt 22:37; Mk 12:30, 33; Lk 10:27 (all Dt 6:5); Ro 8:28; 1 Cor 2:9; 8:3. Of affection for the Creator B 19:2.

ⓑ of the affection of transcendent beings

α. for ordinary human beings (Dio Chrys. 3, 60 ἀγαπώμενος ὑπὸ θεῶν; 79 [28], 13; CIG 5159 Βρουτταρᾶτος, ὸ̔ν ἀγαπᾷ ἡ Φαρία ῏Ισις; Norden, Agn. Th. 225 ὸ̔ν Ἄμμων ἀγαπᾷ; 226 [= OGI 90, 4]; s. β below; LXX; Jos., Ant. 8, 173; 314; TestNapht 8:4, 10) Ro 8:37; 9:13 (Mal 1:2); 2 Th 2:16; Hb 12:6 (Pr 3:12); J 14:21 (τηρηθήσεται P⁷⁵); 1J 4:10, 19; 1 Cl 56:4 (Pr 3:12). ἱλαρὸν δότην 2 Cor 9:7.—Jesus’ affection for people Ἰ. ἠγάπησεν αὐτον J. liked him or was fond of him Mk 10:21 (displayed affection, caressed him has also been suggested; cp. X., Cyr. 7, 5, 50; Plut., Pericl. 152 [1, 1] al.).—Gal 2:20; Eph 5:2; J 11:5; 15:9; B 1:1. Of the beloved disciple J 13:23; 19:26; 21:7, 20; s. Hdb.³ on J 13:23, also JMaynard, JSOR 13, 1929, 155–59; Bultmann ad loc. et al.; AKragerud, Der Lieblingsjünger im Johannesevangelium, ’59; LJohnson, ET 77, ’66, 157f; see also μαθητής 2bα.—W. pf. pass. ptc. (cp. β) ἀδελφοὶ ἠ. ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ (cp. Sir 45:1; 46:13) 1 Th 1:4; 2 Th 2:13; ἅγιοι καὶ ἠ. Col 3:12; τοῖς ἐν θεῷ πατρὶ ἠγαπημένοις Jd 1; ἐκκλησία ἠ. ITr ins; IRo ins.—Ro 9:25 (Hos 2:25 v.l.).

β. for other transcendent beings: God’s love for Jesus J 3:35; 10:17; 17:26, from before creation 17:24. Here belongs also the pf. pass. ptc. the one loved by God (cp. Dt 32:15; 33:5, 26; Is 44:2) as designation of Jesus (cp. ParJer 3:11; AscIs 3:4; TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 6 [Stone p. 4] Ἀβραὰμ τὸν ἠ. μου φίλον; OGI 90, 4 [II B.C.] an Egyptian king is ἠγαπημένος ὑπό τοῦ Φθᾶ; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 109, 12 [III B.C.] a king ἠγαπημένος ὑπὸ τ. Ἴσιδος) Eph 1:6; B 3:6; 4:3, 8. ἠγαπημένος παῖς αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 59:2f; υἱὸς ἠ. Hs 9, 12, 5. Of Jerusalem τὴν πόλιν τὴν ἠ. (Sir 24:11) Rv 20:9.—S. the lit. on φιλέω 1a.—Jesus’ love for God J 14:31.

② to have high esteem for or satisfaction with someth., take pleasure in (Aesop, Fab. 156 P.)—Appian, Mithrid. 57 §230 τὰ προτεινόμενα=the proffered terms. PsSol 14:6 ἡμέραν ἐν μετοχῇ ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν day of partnership in their sin. Also striving after someth. (Theopomp. [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 124 Jac. τιμήν; Diod. S 11, 46, 2 τ. πλοῦτον; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 49 §215 citizenship; SIG 1268 I, 9 [III B.C.] φιλίαν ἀγάπα=‘value friendship’; pap of early Ptolemaic times in WCrönert, NGG 1922, 31; Ps 39:17; Sir 3:26) τὴν πρωτοκαθεδρίαν καὶ τοὺς ἀσπασμούς Lk 11:43. μισθὸν ἀδικίας 2 Pt 2:15. τὸν κόσμον 1J 2:15. τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα 2 Ti 4:10; Pol 9:2. δικαιοσύνην (Wsd 1:1; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 79, 22) Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8). σεμνότητα Hm 5, 2, 8. τὴν ἀλήθειαν (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 296; TestReub 3:9) 1 Cl 18:6 (Ps 50:8); Hm 3:1. Opp. ἀ. ψεύδη B 20:2. ὅρκον ψευδῆ 2:8 (Zech 8:17). μᾶλλον τὸ σκότος ἢ τὸ φῶς J 3:19 (on ἀγ. μᾶλλον w. acc. cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 350 and see μᾶλλον 3c); ἀ. τὴν δόξαν τ. ἀνθρώπων μᾶλλον ἤπερ τ. δ. τοῦ θεοῦ value the approval of human beings more highly than that of God 12:43 (cp. Pla. Phdr. 257e). ζωήν enjoy life (Sir 4:12) 1 Pt 3:10; also τὴν ψυχήν (Sir 30:23 v.l.) Rv 12:11.—Hence long for τὶ someth. (Ps 39:17) τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ his appearing 2 Ti 4:8. W. inf. fol. wish (Anton. Lib. 40, 1 ἠγάπησεν ἀεὶ παρθένος εἶναι) ἀ. ἡμέρας ἱδεῖν ἀγαθάς to see good days 1 Cl 22:2 (Ps 33:13). τὸ παθεῖν wish for martyrdom ITr 4:2.—ἀγάπην ἀ. (2 Km 13:15) show love J 17:26; Eph 2:4; show one’s admiration τὰ δεσμά for my bonds i.e. they were not embarrassed by them IPol 2:3 (not kiss; there is so far no evidence for that mng. of ἀ.).—ISm 7:1 the context seems to require for ἀ. the sense ἀγάπην ποιεῖν (8:2)=hold a love-feast, but so far this mng. cannot be confirmed lexically. But since the noun ἀγάπη is used absolutely in 6:2 in the sense ‘concern for’ someone, it may be that ἀγαπᾶν in 7:1 refers to acts of kindness.

③ to practice/express love, prove one’s love J 13:1, 34 (perh. an allusion to the agape or love-feast, s. ἀγάπη 2). Abs. w. indication of the means μὴ ἀγαπῶμεν λόγῳ μηδὲ τῇ γλώσσῃ ἀλλὰ ἐν ἔργῳ let us show our love with deeds as well as w. word or tongue (TestGad 6:1 ἀγαπήσατε ἀλλήλους ἐν ἔργῳ) 1J 3:18; cp. ἀ. τῷ στόματι love w. the mouth 1 Cl 15:4 (Ps 77:36 Swete; ed. Rahlfs ’31 v.l.).—RJoly, Le vocabulaire chretien de l’amour est-il original? ’68.—B. 1110. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀγαπάω
4 κληρονομία

κληρονομία, ας, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Isocr., Demosth. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; En 99:14; TestJob, TestBenj, JosAs, Philo; Jos., Bell. 2, 249; Just.; Tat. 3, 3; Mel.).

① inheritance (so almost always in gener. lit., also Num 26:54, 56.—Fig. ἵνα ἐκβάλωσι τὴν τῆς σαρκὸς κ. [of those who deny Christ’s human nature] Iren. 3, 22, 1 [Harv. II 121, 7]) Mt 21:38; Mk 12:7; Lk 20:14; Hv 3, 12, 2; Hs 5, 6, 4. μερίσασθαι μετά τινος τὴν κ. divide the inheritance w. someone Lk 12:13. λαὸς κληρονομίας people of the inheritance B 14:4. At his coming again the Beloved shall come to his inheritance 4:3.

② possession, property (Sir 22:23; 24:20; Jdth 16:21; 1 Macc 2:56; 6:24) διδόναι τινὶ κληρονομίαν give someone property Ac 7:5; 13:33 D; 1 Cl 36:4 (the two last Ps 2:8). λαμβάνειν τι εἰς κ. receive someth. as a possession (cp. Aristot., EN 7, 14 p. 1153b, 33; TestBenj 10:4f) Hb 11:8. σχοίνισμα κληρονομίας αὐτοῦ Jahweh’s inherited portion viz. Israel 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:9).

③ common in Christian usage (corresp. to the LXX) (the possession of) transcendent salvation (as the inheritance of God’s children) Gal 3:18. ἀπολαμβάνειν τὴν ἀνταπόδοσιν τῆς κ. receive the inheritance as reward Col 3:24. ἡ ἐπαγγελία τῆς αἰωνίου κ. the promise of the eternal inheritance Hb 9:15. ἐσφάλησαν τῆς κ. τῆς αἰωνίας (αἰωνίου Ox 1602, 27–29=AcPl BMM recto, 26–27) AcPl Ha 8, 21 (of the Jews as God’s people). κ. ἄφθαρτος an imperishable possession 1 Pt 1:4. ἡ κ. ἡμῶν our salvation Eph 1:14; granted by God vs. 18. δοῦναι τὴν κ. ἐν τοῖς ἡγιασμένοις grant salvation among those who are consecrated Ac 20:32. κ. ἔχειν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ have a share in the kgdm. of Christ Eph 5:5 (cp. Just., D. 122, 6 and s. PHammer, JBL 79, ’60, 267–72).

④ abstr. for concr.= the heirs (cp. ἀκροβυστία 3) Ro 11:1 v.l.—M-M. EDNT. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κληρονομία
5 φιλέω

φιλέω impf. ἐφίλουν; fut. φιλήσω SSol 8:1; 1 aor. ἐφίλησα; pf. πεφίληκα (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph.; Ar. 15, 4; Just., D. 27, 2 and 82, 4 [both φιλοῦντες—φ. is usual word in earlier Gk., but gradually loses ground to ἀγαπάω, esp. in the Koine—for ἀγαπῶντες Is 1:23]; Mel., P. 38, 266).

① to have a special interest in someone or someth., freq. with focus on close association, have affection for, like, consider someone a friend

ⓐ w. acc. of pers.: relatives (X., Mem. 2, 7, 9) Mt 10:37ab (on this pass. TArvedson, SEÅ 5, ’40, 74–82). Exceptional disciples IPol 2:1. Paul speaks of those who love him in (the) faith Tit 3:15 (on the greeting here s. UWilcken, APF 6, 1920, 379; Sb 7253, 18–20 [296 A.D.] ἀσπάζομαι τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς κατʼ ὄνομα). The world loves those who belong to it J 15:19. Jesus’ disciples love him J 16:27b; 21:15–17 (some think that here φ. seems to be = ἀγαπάω, q.v. 1aβ, w. the lit. there, pro and con, but a more intimate relationship may be implied; one can extend ‘love’ in general, but close friendship is limited; cp. Aristot., EN 8; Cass. Dio 44, 48; s. lit. φίλος 2b); so do all true Christians 1 Cor 16:22 (CSpicq, NovT 1, ’56, 200–204). Christ also loves certain persons Rv 3:19; Lazarus (JLeal, VD 21, ’41, 59–64) J 11:3, 36; the beloved disciple 20:2. God loves the Son 5:20 and his disciples 16:27a (φ. of the love of a deity, Simonides, Fgm. 4, 12 οὓς ἂν οἱ θεοὶ φιλέωσιν [i.e. τ. ἀγαθούς]; Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 26; Biogr. p. 92; SibOr 3, 711). A directive to Christians: φιλεῖτε τοὺς μισοῦντας ὑμᾶς D 1, 3. θεὸς … φιλούμενος και παρακαλούμενος ἀκούει God heeds when called upon as a friend (Ox 849, 25–27; cp. AcPt [Aa I 73, 26]).—SRoads, A Study of φιλεῖν and ἀγαπᾶν in the NT: Review and Expositor 10, 1913, 531–33; CHogg, Note on ἀγαπ. and φιλέω: ET 38, 1927, 379f; BWarfield, The Terminology of Love in the NT: PTR 16, 1918, 1–45; 153–203; FNormann, diss. Münster, ’52; MPaeslack, Theologia Viatorum 5, ’53, 51–142; MLattke, Einheit im Wort ’75. S. the lit. s.v. ἀγάπη 1, end.

ⓑ w. acc. of thing (Hom. et al.; Wsd 8:2; ApcSed 11:4; AscIs 3:25; Just., Mel.) τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ J 12:25 (Tyrtaeus 7, 18 Diehl³ warns about φιλοψυχεῖν). Place of honor Mt 23:6.—Lk 20:46; Rv 22:15 (cp. Pr 29:3).

ⓒ W. inf. foll. like or love to do someth., hence do someth. often or customarily (Pind., N. 1, 12 [15]; Aeschyl., Sept. 619, Ag. 763; Soph., Aj. 989; Eur., Iph. T. 1198; Ps.-Eur., Rhes. 394; Hdt. 7, 10, 5; X., Hipparch. 7, 9; Pla., 7th Letter, 337b; Appian, Liby. 94 §442; Arrian, Anab. 3, 11, 2; Aelian, VH 14, 37; PGiss 84, 13; Is 56:10; Philo, Op. M. 103; Jos., Ant. 18, 60) φιλοῦσιν προσεύχεσθαι Mt 6:5. φιλοῦσιν καλεῖσθαι ῥαββί they like to be called ‘Rabbi’ 23:6f.

② to kiss as a special indication of affection, kiss (Aeschyl., Ag. 1540; Hdt. 1, 134; X., Cyr. 1, 4, 27; Pla., Phdr. 256a; Aristot., Prob. 30, 1, 8; Plut., Mor. 139d, Alex. 667 [6, 8]; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 1, 8; PSI 26, 13; Gen 27:26f; 29:11 al.; TestBenj 1:2; JosAs 8:3ff) τινά someone Mt 26:48; Mk 14:44; Lk 22:47; GJs 7:2.—B. 1110; 1114.—RJoly, Le vocabulaire chrétien de l’amour est-il original? φιλεῖν et ἀγαπᾶν dans le grec antique ’68. Schmidt, Syn. III 474–91. DELG s.v. φίλος. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > φιλέω
6 ἐξορύσσω

ἐξορύσσω 1 aor. ἐξώρυξα (s. ὀρύσσω; Hdt. et al.; PHal 1, 100 and 109 [III B.C.]; LXX, Philo, Joseph.) to extract someth. out of an area by force

ⓐ of eyes tear out (so Hdt. 8, 116; Plut., Artox. 1018 [14, 10]; Lucian, D. Deor. 1, 1; Jos., Ant. 6, 71; 1 Km 11:2; Judg 16:21 A) Gal 4:15 (the eye as a precious member: Aeschyl., Sept. 530; Moschus 4, 9; Callim., H. 3, 211; Artem. 1, 25; Heliod. 2, 16, 4 the beloved is ὀφθαλμὸς κ. ψυχὴ κ. πάντα ἐμαυτῆς; Eustath. Macremb. 6, 10 Ζεῦ Πάτερ, μή μου τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἐκκόψῃς. On the theme of sacrifice of eyes for others s. Lucian, Tox.; Betz, Hermeneia Gal. ad loc.).—JBligh, TU 102, ’68, 382f.

ⓑ of a roof dig through Mk 2:4, prob. in ref. to making an opening by digging through the clay of which the roof was made (ABertholet, Kulturgesch. Israels 1920, 122; CMcCown, JBL 58, ’39, 213–16; BHHW I 311), and putting the debris to one side (ἐ. of debris that has been dug out Hdt. 2, 150; 7, 23), so that it does not fall on the heads of those in the house.—S. στέγη.—M-M.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐξορύσσω
7 ἀγαπάω

⁺ V 42-37-49-89-66=283 Gn 22,2; 24,67; 25,28(bis); 29,18

to love (among men, the love of God for man and of man for God) Gn 22,2; to love, to prize [τι] 1 Chr 29,17; to be content with [τι] Eccl 5,9; to be fond of doing, to love to do [+inf.] Prv 20,13; ἠγαπημένος be-loved Is 44,2

τὴν ἀγάπην, ἣν ἠγάπησεν αὐτήν the love with which he had loved her 2 Sm 13,15

*2 Sm 7,18 ἠγάπηκάς με you loved me-אהבתני? for MT הביאתני you brought me; *Ps 28(29),6 ὁ ἠγαπημένος the beloved-רוןשׁי for MT ריוןשׂ Sirion; *Prv 30,15 (ἦσαν) ἀγαπήσει ἀγαπώμεναι dearly loved-אהב or-חבב for MT הב הב?, see also Hos 8,13, Hab 3,4

Cf. JOLY 1968, 48-51; SWINN 1990, 49-79; →NIDNTT; SCHLEUSNER(2 Sm 7,18); TWNT

Lust (λαγνεία) > ἀγαπάω
8 ἐράω

ἐράω (A), used in [voice] Act. only in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. (which in Poetry are ἔραμαι, ἠράμην), [dialect] Ion. [full] ἐρέω Archil.25.3: [tense] impf.

A ἤρων Hdt.9.108
, E.Fr. 161, Ar.Ach. 146:—[voice] Pass., ἀντ-ερᾶται X.Smp.8.3
; opt. ἐρῷο Id.Hier.11.11
; inf. ἐρᾶσθαι Plu.Brut.29
, etc.; part. ἐρώμενος (v. infr.):— also [full] ἐράομαι, [ per.] 3sg.
ἐρᾶται Plu.2.753b
, Philostr.Gym.48 ( ἐράασθε v. sub ἔραμαι): all other tenses will be found under ἔραμαι:—love, c. gen. pers., prop. of the sexual passion, to be in love with (οὐκ ἐρᾷ ἀδελφὸς ἀδελφῆς..οὐδὲ πατὴρ θυγατρός X.Cyr.5.1.10
), ἤρα τῆς..γυναικός Hdt. 9.108
, etc.: c. acc. cogn., ἐρᾶν ἔρωτα E.Hipp.32
, Pl.Smp. 181b : abs., ἐρῶν a lover, v.l. in Pi.O.1.80 (pl.), S.Fr.149.8 (pl.); opp.
ἡ ἐρωμένη
the beloved one, Hdt.3.31
, S.E.P.3.196 ; [ὁ] ἐρώμενος X.Smp.8.36
, Pl.Phdr. 239a, cf. Ar.Eq. 737 (pl.); τὸν ἐρώμενον αὐτοῦ, Lat. delicias ejus, Arist.Pol. 1303b23.

2 without sexual reference, love warmly, opp. φιλέω, οὐδ' ἤρα οὐδ' ἐφίλει Pl.Ly. 222a
:—and in [voice] Pass., ὥστε οὐ μόνον φιλοῖο ἂν ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐρῷο X.Hier.11.11
, cf. Plu.Brut.29 ; κινεῖ [τὸ οὗ ἕνεκα] ὡς ἐρώμενον Arist.Metaph. 1072b3
.

II c. gen. rei, love or desire passionately, τυραννίδος Archil.25.3
; τερπνότατον τοῦ τις ἐρᾷ τὸ τυχεῖν Thgn.256
; μάχης ἐρῶν A.Th. 392
; μόνος θεῶν γὰρ Θάνατος οὐ δώρων ἐρᾷ Id.Fr. 161
; ἀμηχάνων ἐρᾷς S.Ant.90
; πατρίδος ἐρᾶν E. Ph. 359
; οὗ ἐπιθυμεῖ τε καὶ ἐρᾷ Pl.Smp. 200a
: and c. inf., desire to do, A.Fr.44.1 ; θανεῖν ἐρᾷ S.Ant. 220
; ἀποθανεῖν ἐρῶντες Hp. de Arte 7
; φαγεῖν Ar.Ach. 146
; πληροῦσθαι Pl.Phlb. 35a
.

------------------------------------

ἐράω (B),

A pour forth, vomit, ἐρᾶσαι· κενῶσαι, Hsch.: usu. in compds., ἀπὸ σφαγὴν ἐρῶν A.Ag. 1599
, cf. ἀπ-, ἐξ-, κατ-, κατεξ-, μετ-, συν-εράω.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐράω
9 ἀγαπητός

ἀγαπητός, ή, όν (verbal adj. of ἀγαπάω, fixed as an adj. B-D-F §65, 3; Rob. 1096) ‘beloved.’

① pert. to one who is in a very special relationship with another, only, only beloved, in ref. to an only son (common Hom.+; Pollux 3, 19 καλοῖτο ἂν υἱὸς ἀγ. ὁ μόνος ὢν πατρί; LXX [יָהִיד] Gen 22:2, 12, 16 al.; ParJer 7:24 [Baruch]; AscIs 3:13, 17, 18; 4:3; 7:24 [Baruch]; subst. ὁ ἀγαπητός. Philo, Ebr. 30 μόνος κ. ἀγ. υἱός). Of Christ’s (cp. the interpolation in TestBenj 11:2) relationship to God ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀ. Mt 3:17 (BBacon, Jesus’ Voice fr. Heaven: AJT 9, 1905, 451–73)=GEb 18, 39; Mt 17:5; Mk 1:11=GEb 18, 37; Mk 9:7, cp. 12:6 (CTurner, JTS 27, 1926, 113–29; 28, 1927, 362 would translate only; s. ASouter, ibid. 28, 1927, 59f); Lk 3:22; 9:35 v.l.; cp. 20:13; 2 Pt 1:17.—Mt 12:18; MPol 14:1, 3; Dg 8:11.

② pert. to one who is dearly loved, dear, beloved, prized, valued (pap, LXX; pseudepigr.; Jos., Bell. 1, 240, Ant. 15, 15; Mel., P. 2, 7) indicating a close relationship, esp. that betw. parent and child υἱός (TestAbr A 83, 31f [Stone p. 14]; Artem. 5, 37) Hs 5, 2, 6. W. τέκνον 1 Cor 4:17, τέκνα vs. 14; Eph 5:1; ἀδελφός Phlm 16. W. proper names (POxy 235, 2 [I B.C.] Τρύφων ἀγαπητέ) Ro 16:12; Phlm 1; Ac 15:25; 3J 1; w. proper names and ἀδελφός Eph 6:21; Col 4:7, 9; 2 Pt 3:15; w. σύνδουλος Col 1:7; w. τέκνον 2 Ti 1:2; w. ἰατρός Col 4:14; w. gen. of the pers. pron. and a proper name Ἐπαίνετον τὸν ἀ. μου Ro 16:5; cp. vs. 8f; IPol 8:2.—Oft. in dir. address (Hippol., Ref. 4, 50, 1) ἀγαπητέ dear friend 3J 2, 5, 11 (cp. Tob 10:13); mostly pl. ἀγαπητοί Ro 12:19; 2 Cor 7:1; 12:19; Hb 6:9; 1 Pt 2:11; 4:12; 2 Pt 3:1, 8, 14, 17; 1J 2:7; 3:2, 21; 4:1, 7, 11; Jd 3, 17, 20; 1 Cl 1:1; 7:1; 12:8; 21:1; 24:1f al.; ἀ. μου 1 Cor 10:14; Phil 2:12; IMg 11:1. ἄνδρες ἀγαπητοί dear people 1 Cl 16:17. ἀδελφοί μου ἀ. 1 Cor 15:58; Js 1:16, 19; 2:5; ἀδελφοί μου ἀ. καὶ ἐπιπόθητοι Phil 4:1.—Of members of a Christian group ἀ. θεοῦ Ro 1:7 (cp. Ps 59:7; 107:7; ApcEsdr 1:1 p. 24, 3 [Ezra]). (Παῦλον) τὸν ἀγαπητόν τοῦ κυρίου AcPl Ha 8, 2. The Israelites are κατὰ τὴν ἐκλογὴν ἀ. Ro 11:28. Of the prophets IPhld 9:2.—ἀγαπητοὶ ἡμῖν ἐγενήθητε you have become dear to us 1 Th 2:8; cp. 1 Ti 6:2 (perh.=worthy of love, as X., Mem. 3, 10, 5); ἀ. λίαν ἔχειν τινά hold someone very dear IPol 7:2.—EHvanLeeuwen, Ἀγαπητοί: ThStud 21, 1903, 139–51.—New Docs 4, 252. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀγαπητός
10 τηλύγετος

τηλύγετος [ῠ], η, ον, old [dialect] Ep. epith. of children, of uncertain origin and sense; sts. clearly of

A a darling son, petted child, ἀλλ' οὐκ Ἰδομενῆα φόβος λάβε, τηλύγετον ὥς, Il.13.470; τίσω δέ μιν ἶσον Ὀρέστῃ, ὅς μοι τ. τρέφεται θαλίῃ ἔνι πολλῇ 9.143
, cf. 285; so of an only son, ὡς.. πατὴρ ὃν παῖδα φιλήσῃ μοῦνον τηλύγετον ib. 482; ὅς οἱ τ. γένετο Od.4.11
; ὡς δὲ πατὴρ ὃν παῖδα.. ἀγαπάζῃ.. μοῦνον τηλύγετον 16.19
; son of one's old age, τ. οἱ υἱός.. ὀψίγονος τρέφεται h.Cer. 164
, cf. 283; also λιποῦσα παῖδά τε τηλυγέτην, of Hermione, the only daughter of Helen, Il.3.175; once of two sons, perh. twins, Φαίνοπος υἷε, ἄμφω τηλυγέτω 5.153
: so in later [dialect] Ep., A.R.1.719, Mosch. 4.79; of a wife, ἄλοχον σαόφρονα τηλυγέτην τε JHS19.296
([place name] Galatia): once in Trag., τηλύγετον [χθονὸς] ἀπὸ πατρίδος E.IT 829
(lyr.), where it seems to mean τηλοῦ γεγονότα, born far away, far-distant, as it certainly does in Simm.1.1 τηλυγέτων.. Ὑπερβορέων ἀνὰ δῆμον; similarly, τηλυγέτ ων ἀποικιῶν· τῶν μακρὰν ἀπεχουσῶν, Hsch. (= Com.Adesp.1315). (The best of the ancient interpretations is latest-born, i.e. after whom no more are born (= ὁ τῆς γονῆς τέλος ἔχων, μεθ' ὃν ἕτερος οὐ γίνεται, Sch.TIl.9.482), including only children, these being the best-beloved. The word was prob. thought to be derived from τέλος ( τελευ-τή, cf. Orion in Et.Gud.616.37 ) and γίγνομαι; but this presents difficulties, and the sense petted, well-beloved, may equally well be the primary one.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τηλύγετος
11 σάρξ

σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ (Hom.+; ‘flesh’).

① the material that covers the bones of a human or animal body, flesh lit. 1 Cor 15:39abcd; Hv 3, 10, 4; 3, 12, 1. The pl. (which denotes flesh in the mass [Lucian, Dial. Mort. 10, 5], whereas the sing. rather denotes the substance.—Herodas 4, 61; Gen 40:19; 1 Km 17:44; 4 Km 9:36; PsSol 4:19; TestJob 13:5; Philo; Jos., Ant. 12, 211; Just., A I, 26, 7; Mel., P. 52, 383; Ath. 34, 2) Lk 24:39 v.l.; Rv 19:18, 21 (4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010, 16] cannibalism out of hunger, sim. Mel., P. 52, 383; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 245: the σάρκες of the slain are food for the birds) B 10:4; metaph. Rv 17:16. It decays 1 Cl 25:3; cp. Ac 2:31 (cp. 2a below). Normally gives forth an evil odor when burned MPol 15:2. W. bones (s. ὀστέον) 1 Cl 6:3 (Gen 2:23); Lk 24:39; Eph 5:30 v.l. (metaph.). Paul speaks of his illness as a σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί (s. σκόλοψ) 2 Cor 12:7. ἡ ἐν σαρκὶ περιτομή the physical circumcision (cp. Just., D. 10, 1 al.) Ro 2:28; cp. Eph 2:11b; Col 2:13 (ἀκροβυστία 2); Gal 6:13 (ἡ σάρξ=the flesh that is circumcised); B 9:4. Metaph.: the corrosion on the precious metals of the rich φάγεται τὰς σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ Js 5:3.—Ign. describes the elements of the Eucharist as σὰρξ (or αἷμα) Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ IRo 7:3; IPhld 4; ISm 7:1. Also J 6:51–56 urges that one must eat the flesh (and drink the blood) of the Human One or Son of Man (Just., A I, 66, 2; s. TPhilips, Die Verheissung der hl. Eucharistie nach Joh. 1922; Bultmann ad loc.; AWikenhauser ’48, 105f).—His anti-Docetic position also leads Ign. to use the concept ‘flesh (and blood) of Christ’ in other contexts as well ITr 8:1; IPhld 5:1.—For Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12; and 1 Cor 15:50 s. 3a.

② the physical body as functioning entity, body, physical body

ⓐ as substance and living entity (Aeschyl., Sept. 622: opp. νοῦς; Ex 30:32; 4 Km 6:30; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 6 [Stone p. 54] πάντα τὰ μέλη τῆς σαρκός μου; w. καρδία or ψυχή Alex. Aphr., An. p. 98, 7–10 Br.; Ps 37:8; 62:2; Eccl 2:3; Ezk 11:19; 44:7 a1.; Jos., Bell. 6, 47, Ant. 19, 325; Ar.15, 7) οὔτε ἡ σὰρξ αὐτοῦ εἶδεν διαφθοράν Ac 2:31 (but s. 1). W. ψυχή 1 Cl 49:6 (Tat. 13:2 al.). W. καρδία Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9).—Eph 5:29. ἑόρακαν τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐν σαρκί they have seen me face to face Col 2:1. ἕως ἂν τὸν χριστὸν ἐν σαρκὶ ἴδῃ before he had seen the Messiah in person GJs 24:4 (cp. Lk 2:26). Opp. πνεῦμα (Ath. 31:3; PGM 5, 460 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε τὸν κτίσαντα πᾶσαν σάρκα κ. πᾶν πνεῦμα) 1 Cor 5:5; 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5; 1 Pt 4:6; Hm 3:1; 10, 2, 6; cp. AcPl Ant 13:17 (=Aa, I 237, 2; s. οἶδα); also in relation to Christ (though this is disputed) J 6:63; Hs 5, 6, 5–7; cp. 1 Ti 3:16.—ἀσθένεια τῆς σαρκός bodily ailment Gal 4:13; s. vs. 14. ἀσθενὴς τῇ σαρκί weak in the body Hs 9, 1, 2. ὁ ἀλγῶν σάρκα the one who is ill in body B 8:6. πάσχειν σαρκί 1 Pt 4:1b. Cp. 2 Cor 7:5. ἡ τῆς σαρκὸς καθαρότης the purity of the body Hb 9:13 (opp. καθαρίζειν τὴν συνείδησιν vs. 14). σαρκὸς ἀπόθεσις ῥύπου 1 Pt 3:21 (s. ῥύπος 1). The σάρξ is raised fr. the dead (s. ParJer 6:9; Theoph. Ant. 1, 7 [74, 2]) 1 Cl 26:3; 2 Cl 9:1. ἀνάστασις σαρκός AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24 (σαρκὸς ἀνάστασιν Just., D. 80, 5); cp. ἀναστήσεσθε ἔχοντες ὑγιῆ τὴν σάρκα AcPlCor 2:32. Of the body of Christ during his earthly ministry Eph 2:14 (JHart, The Enmity in His Flesh: Exp. 6th ser., 3, 1901, 135–41); Hb 10:20; 1 Pt 3:18; 4:1a; 1J 4:2; 2J 7; B 5:1, 10f; 6:7, 9; 7:5; 12:10; IEph 7:2; Pol 7:1; AcPlCor 2:6b. Married couples form μία σάρξ (Gen 2:24; s. Ath. 33, 2 τὴν σάρκα πρὸς σάρκα … κοινωνίαν.—GAicher, Mann u. Weib ein Fleisch: BZ 5, 1907, 159–65) Mt 19:5f; Mk 10:8ab; 1 Cor 6:16; Eph 5:31 (on these passages, TBurkill, ZNW 62, ’71, 115–20). δικαιώματα σαρκός behind ‘all sorts of ceremonial washings’ there are regulations that concern the physical body Hb 9:10.—On ὑποτάγητε τῷ ἐπισκόπῳ ὡς ὁ Χριστὸς τῷ πατρὶ κατὰ σάρκα IMg 13:2 s. Hdb. ad loc. and MRackl, Die Christologie des hl. Ignatius v. Ant. 1914, 228.—πνεῦμα δυνάμεως … ὁ θεὸς … κατέπεμψεν εἰς σάρκα τουτέστιν εἰς τὴν Μαρίαν God sent a powerful spirit (prob. a ref. to the kind of divine breath that brought the first human being to life [Gen 2:7]) into flesh, that is, into Mary AcPl Ha 8, 26=BMM recto 34; s. AcPlCor 1:14.

ⓑ as someth. with physical limitations, life here on earth (ApcEsdr 4:4 p. 28, 3 Tdf. σάρκα ἀνθρωπίνην φορῶ) θλῖψιν τῇ σαρκὶ ἕξουσιν 1 Cor 7:28. Cp. 2 Cor 4:11; Col 1:24. Of Christ τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ his body with its physical limitations Col 1:22; cp. 2:11 and s. cα below (cp. En 102:5 τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν; 1QpHab 9:2; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 29, 25).—Of human life: ἀποδημεῖν τῆς σαρκός MPol 2:2 (s. ἀποδημέω). ἐπιμένειν ἐν τῇ σαρκί Phil 1:24. ζῆν ἐν σαρκί vs. 22; Gal 2:20. ἐν ς. περιπατεῖν 2 Cor 10:3a. ἐν ς. τυγχάνειν Dg 5:8a. ὄντος ἔτι ἐν ς. σου AcPlCor 1:6. τὸν ἐπίλοιπον ἐν ς. χρόνον 1 Pt 4:2. ἡ ἐπιδημία τῆς σαρκὸς ταύτης our sojourn in life 2 Cl 5:5. ἐν τῇ σαρκί in our earthly life 8:2.

ⓒ as instrument of various actions or expressions.

α. In Paul’s thought esp., all parts of the body constitute a totality known as ς. or flesh, which is dominated by sin to such a degree that wherever flesh is, all forms of sin are likew. present, and no good thing can live in the σάρξ Ro 7:18 (cp. Philo, Gig. 29 αἴτιον δὲ τῆς ἀνεπιστημοσύνης μέγιστον ἡ σὰρξ καὶ ἡ πρὸς σάρκα οἰκείωσις; Sextus 317 ἀγαθὸν ἐν σαρκὶ μὴ ἐπιζήτει. The OT lays no stress on a necessary relationship betw. flesh as a substance, and sin. But for Epicurus the σάρξ is the bearer of sinful feelings and desires as well as the means of sensual enjoyment: Ep. in Plut., Mor. 135c; 1087bf; 1089e; 1096c αἱ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐπιθυμίαι. Also Diog. L. 10, 145. Likew. Plut. himself: Mor. 101b ταῖς τῆς σαρκὸς ἡδοναῖς; 672e; 688d; 734a; Ps.-Plut., Mor. 107f σαρκὶ καὶ τοῖς πάθεσι ταύτης; Maximus Tyr. 33, 7a. Cp. 4 Macc 7:18 τὰ τῆς σαρκὸς πάθη; Philo, Deus Imm. 143 σαρκὸς ἡδονή, Gig. 29; TestJud 19:4; TestZeb 9:7; ApcMos 25 [p. 14, 2 Tdf.] εἰς τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τῆς σαρκός); Ro 6:19; 7:25 (opp. νοῦς); 8:3a, 4–9 (cp. Persius 2, 63 scelerata pulpa, which contaminates devotion to deity), 12f; Gal 5:13, 24; Col 2:23; Jd 23; AcPlCor 2:11, 15; Dg 6:5 (opp. ψυχή, as Plut., Mor. 101b). Opp. τὸ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4, 5, 6, 9, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:16, 17ab; 6:8ab; J 3:6; B 10:9. τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 25, 8) Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. σὰρξ ἁμαρτίας sinful flesh Ro 8:3b. ἐπιθυμία (τῆς) σαρκός (cp. Maximus Tyr. 20, 9f σαρκῶν … ἐπιθυμίας) Gal 5:16; 1J 2:16; B 10:9. Pl. Eph 2:3a, cp. b; 2 Pt 2:18; cp. Ro 13:14. τὰ ἔργα τῆς σαρκός Gal 5:19 (s. Vögtle at πλεονεξία). τὰ θελήματα τῆς σαρκός Eph 2:3b. ὁ νοῦς τῆς σαρκός Col 2:18. τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκός the body of (sinful) flesh 2:11; cp. 1:22 and s. b above (cp. Sir 23:17 σῶμα σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ; En 102:5 τῷ σώματι τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν). τὰ τῆς σαρκός what pertains to (sinful) flesh Ro 8:5b. ἐν (τῇ) σαρκὶ εἶναι be in an unregenerate (and sinful) state Ro 7:5; 8:8f. τὰ ἔθνη ἐν σαρκί Eph 2:11a. κατὰ σάρκα εἶναι Ro 8:5a; ζῆν vs. 12b; 13; Dg 5:8b; περιπατεῖν Ro 8:4; 2 Cor 10:2; βουλεύεσθαι 1:17; στρατεύεσθαι 10:3b; cp. IRo 8:3 (opp. κατὰ γνώμην θεοῦ).

β. source of the sexual urge. The σάρξ is the source of the sexual urge, without any suggestion of sinfulness connected w. it ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς ἐγεννήθησαν J 1:13.

ⓓ as someth. attractive 2 Pt 2:10 (a Hebraism, cp. Judg 2:12; 3 Km 11:10; Sir 46:10). S. also 3b.

③ one who is or becomes a physical being, living being with flesh

ⓐ of humans person, human being: πᾶσα σάρξ every person, everyone (LXX; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 3 [Stone p. 72]; GrBar 4:10; ApcEsdr 7:7; ApcMos 13 [p. 7, 1 Tdf.]; Mel., P. 55, 400: for כָּל-בָּשָׂר; s. πᾶς 1aα) Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5); J 17:2; Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:6); 1 Cl 59:3; 64; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5 (the last two Is 66:24); AcPlCor 2:6a. οὐ πᾶσα σάρξ no person, nobody (En 14:21 end.—W-S. §26, 10a; B-D-F §275, 4; 302, 1; Rob. 752) Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; Ro 3:20 (cp. Ps 142:2 πᾶς ζῶν); 1 Cor 1:29 (μή); Gal 2:16.—Though ς. in the foll. passages refers to body in its physical aspect, it cannot be divorced from its conjunction with αἷμα, and the unit σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα (cp. Sir 17:31; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82]; Philo, Quis Div. Rer. Her. 57; Just., D. 135, 6) refers to a human being in contrast to God and other transcendent beings Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12 (here vice versa, αἷ. καὶ ς.). τὰ παιδία κεκοινώνηκεν αἵματος καὶ σαρκός the children share mortal nature Hb 2:14, but with suggestion of its frailty, as indicated by the context with its ref. to death. Because they are the opposites of the divine nature σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα βασιλείαν θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται 1 Cor 15:50 (JJeremias, NTS 2, ’56, 151–59). For Jd 7 s. b next. Cp. AcPl Ant 13, 17 (=Aa I 237, 2) σαρκί personally (s. οἶδα 2).

ⓑ of transcendent entities ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο J 1:14 (RSeeberg, Festgabe AvHarnack dargebracht 1921, 263–81.—Artem. 2, 35 p. 132, 27 ἐὰν σάρκινοι οἱ θεοὶ φαίνωνται; Synes., Dio 6 p. 45b).—Of flesh other than human: ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἑτέρας after another kind of flesh (cp. Judg 2:12 ὀπίσω θεῶν ἑτέρων) i.e. of divine messengers who take on ς. when they appear to humans (so Windisch et al.; difft. Frame et al. of same-sex activity) Jd 7.

④ human/ancestral connection, human/mortal nature, earthly descent (Did., Gen. 144, 25) Ἀβραὰμ τὸν προπάτορα ἡμῶν κατὰ σάρκα Ro 4:1 (Just., D. 43, 7 al.). οἱ συγγενεῖς μου κατὰ σάρκα 9:3. τοὺς τῆς σαρκὸς ἡμῶν πατέρας Hb 12:9. τὸν Ἰσραὴλ κατὰ σάρκα the earthly Israel 1 Cor 10:18 (opp. τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τοῦ θεοῦ Gal 6:16). Of natural descent τὰ τέκνα τῆς σαρκός children by natural descent Ro 9:8 (opp. τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐπαγγελίας). ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῆς παιδίσκης κατὰ σάρκα γεγέννηται Gal 4:23; cp. vs. 29. μου τὴν σάρκα my compatriots Ro 11:14 (s. Gen 37:27).—Of Christ’s physical nature Ro 8:3c; Hb 5:7. Christ is descended fr. the patriarchs and fr. David (τὸ) κατὰ σάρκα according to the human side of his nature, as far as his physical descent is concerned Ro 1:3 (JDunn, Jesus: Flesh and Spirit [Ro 1:3f], JTS 24, ’73, 40–68); 9:5; 1 Cl 32:2; IEph 20:2. The context of 2 Cor 11:18 includes ancestry as a reason for boasting, but ς. in this pass. applies as well to other aspects of Paul’s career and therefore belongs more properly in 5.

⑤ the outward side of life as determined by normal perspectives or standards, a transf. sense of 1 and 2. Usually w. κατά indicating norm or standard σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα wise (people) according to human standards 1 Cor 1:26. καυχᾶσθαι κατὰ (τὴν) σάρκα boast of one’s outward circumstances, i.e. descent, manner of life, etc. (cp. 11:22) 2 Cor 11:18. κατὰ σάρκα Χριστόν Christ (the Messiah) from a human point of view or as far as externals are concerned 5:16b, cp. a (κατά B5bβ and 7a; also VWeber, BZ 2, 1904, 178–88; HWindisch, exc. ad loc.; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³, 374–76; FPorter, Does Paul Claim to Have Known the Historical Jesus [2 Cor 5:16]?: JBL 47, 1928, 257–75; RMoxon, CQR 108, 1929, 320–28). οἱ κατὰ σάρκα κύριοι those who, according to human standards, are masters Eph 6:5; Col 3:22. ὑμεῖς κατὰ τὴν ς. κρίνετε you judge by outward things, by externals J 8:15. Of the route taken in one’s earthly life ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ κατὰ σάρκα IRo 9:3.—ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθέναι place one’s trust in earthly things or physical advantages Phil 3:3f. εὐπροσωπῆσαι ἐν σαρκί Gal 6:12. Onesimus is a beloved brother to Philemon καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ καὶ ἐν κυρίῳ both as a human being (=personally, in the external relationship betw. master and slave) and as a Christian Phlm 16. ὑμῶν δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ ἐπισκόπῳ IEph 1:3 (cp. IMg 3:2).—HWindisch, Taufe u. Sünde 1908; EBurton, ICC Gal. 1920, 492–95; WSchauf, Sarx 1924; WBieder, Auferstehung des Fleisches od. des Leibes?: TZ 1, ’45, 105–20. W. special ref. to Paul: Ltzm., Hdb. exc. on Ro 7:14 and 8:11; Lohmeyer (ἁμαρτία 3a); EKäsemann, Leib u. Leib Christi ’33; RGrant, ATR 22, ’40, 199–203; RBultmann, Theologie des NTs ’48, 228–49 (Engl. tr. by KGrobel, ’51 I, 227–59); LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 267–70; E Schweizer, Die hellenist. Komponente im NT sarx-Begriff: ZNW 48, ’57, 237–53; two in KStendahl, The Scrolls and the NT, ’57: KKuhn, 94–113 and WDavies, 157–82; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT: RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; DLys, La chair dans l’AT ’67; ASand, D. Begriff ‘Fleisch’ ’67 (Paul); RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms ’71, 49–166. On Ign.: CRichardson, The Christianity of Ign. of Ant. ’35, esp. 49 and 61. S. also the lit. s.v. πνεῦμα, end.—B. 202. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σάρξ
12 ἀγάπη

ἀγάπη, ης, ἡ (this term has left little trace in polytheistic Gk. lit. A sepulchral ins, prob. honoring a polytheistic army officer, who is held in ‘high esteem’ by his country [SEG VIII, 11, 6 (III A.D.)] sheds light on an ex. such as Philod., παρρ. col. 13a, 3 Oliv., but s. Söding [below] 294. The restorations in POxy 1380, 28 and 109f [II A.D.] are in dispute: s. New Docs 4, 259 [lit.]; Söding [end] 294f, n. 68 [lit.]. For other exx. from the Gr-Rom. world s. Ltzm., exc. after 1 Cor 13; L-S-J-M; ACeresa-Gastaldo, Αγάπη nei documenti anteriori al NT: Aegyptus 31, ’51, 269–306, has a new pap and a new ins ex. fr. III A.D. secular sources; in RivFil 31, ’53, 347–56 the same author shows it restored in an ins of 27 B.C., but against C-G. s. lit. Söding 293, n. 57. In Jewish sources: LXX, esp. SSol, also pseudepigr., Philo, Deus Imm. 69; Just., D. 93, 4. Cp. ACarr, ET 10, 1899, 321–30. Its paucity in gener. Gk. lit. may be due to a presumed colloq. flavor of the noun (but s. IPontEux I, 359, 6 as parallel to 2 Cor 8:8 below). No such stigma attached to the use of the verb ἀγαπαω (q.v.).

① the quality of warm regard for and interest in another, esteem, affection, regard, love (without limitation to very intimate relationships, and very seldom in general Greek of sexual attraction).

ⓐ of human love

α. without indication of the pers. who is the object of interest (cp. Eccl 9:1, 6; Sir 48:11 v.l.): ἀ. as subj. ἡ ἀ. οἰκοδομεῖ 1 Cor 8:1.—13:4, 8 (on 1 Cor 13 see the comm. [Maxim Tyr. 20:2 praise of ἔρως what it is not and what it is; s. AHarnack, SBBerlAk 1911, 132–63, esp. 152f; ELehmann and AFridrichsen, 1 Cor 13 e. christl.-stoische Diatribe: StKr Sonderheft 1922, 55–95]; EHoffmann, Pauli Hymnus auf d. Liebe: Dtsche Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwiss. u. Geistesgesch. 4, 1926, 58–73; NLund, JBL 50, ’31, 266–76; GRudberg, Hellas och Nya Testamentet ’34, 149f; HRiesenfeld, ConNeot 5, ’41, 1–32, Nuntius 6, ’52, 47f); Phil 1:9. ἡ ἀ. κακὸν οὐκ ἐργάζεται Ro 13:10; πλήρωμα νόμου ἡ ἀ. ibid.; ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀ. τ. πολλῶν Mt 24:12; ἡ ἀ. ἀνυπόκριτος let love be genuine Ro 12:9, cp. 2 Cor 6:6. As predicate 1 Ti 1:5; 1J 4:16b (cp. bα). As obj. ἀγάπην ἔχειν (Did., Gen. 221, 30) 1 Cor 13:1–3; Phil 2:2 φιλίαν ἢ ἀγάπην ἔχοντες Just., D. 93, 4; διώκειν 1 Cor 14:1; 1 Ti 6:11; 2 Ti 2:22; ἐνδύσασθαι τὴν ἀ. Col 3:14. ἀφιέναι Rv 2:4.—2 Pt 1:7; Col 1:8. ἐμαρτύρησάν σου τῇ ἀ. 3J 6. Attributively in gen. case ὁ κόπος τῆς ἀ. 1 Th 1:3; τὸ τ. ὑμετέρας ἀ. γνήσιον the genuineness of your love 2 Cor 8:8. ἔνδειξις τῆς ἀ. vs. 24; cp. πᾶσαν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀ. Tit 2:10 v.l.—Hb 10:24; Phil 2:1; 1 Pt 5:14; 1 Cl 49:2.—In prep. phrases ἐξ ἀγάπης out of love Phil 1:16; παράκλησις ἐπὶ τῇ ἀ. σου comfort from your love Phlm 7; περιπατεῖν κατὰ ἀ., ἐν ἀ. Ro 14:15; Eph 5:2; ἐν ἀ. ἔρχεσθαι (opp. ἐν ῥάβδῳ) 1 Cor 4:21; ἀληθεύειν ἐν ἀ. Eph 4:15. Other verbal combinations w. ἐν ἀ., 1 Cor 16:14; Eph 3:17; 4:2; Col 2:2; 1 Th 5:13; cp. Eph 4:16 (on Eph 1:4 s. bα). ἐν τῇ ἀ. 1J 4:16b, 18. διὰ τῆς ἀ. δουλεύετε ἀλλήλοις Gal 5:13. πίστις διʼ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη 5:6. διὰ τὴν ἀ. παρακαλῶ for love’s sake I appeal Phlm 9. μετὰ ἀγάπης πολιτεύεσθαι live in love 1 Cl 51:2.—W. ἀλήθεια 2J 3; πίστις 1 Th 3:6; 5:8; 1 Ti 1:14; 2 Ti 1:13; Phlm 5; B 11:8; IEph 1:1; 9:1; 14:1 al. W. πίστις and other concepts on the same plane Eph 6:23; 1 Ti 2:15; 4:12; 6:11; 2 Ti 2:22; 3:10; Tit 2:2; Rv 2:19; Hm 8:9; cp. v 3, 8, 2–5. The triad πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη 1 Cor 13:13; s. also Col 1:4f; 1 Th 1:3; 5:8; B 1:4 (cp. Porphyr., Ad Marcellam 24 τέσσαρα στοιχεῖα μάλιστα κεκρατύνθω περὶ θεοῦ• πίστις, ἀλήθεια, ἔρως, ἐλπίς and s. Rtzst., Hist. Mon. 1916, 242ff, NGG 1916, 367ff; 1917, 130ff, Hist. Zeitschr. 116, 1916, 189ff; AHarnack, PJ 164, 1916, 5ff=Aus d. Friedens-u. Kriegsarbeit 1916, 1ff; PCorssen, Sokrates 7, 1919, 18ff; ABrieger, D. urchr. Trias Gl., Lbe, Hoff., diss. Heidelb. 1925; WTheiler, D. Vorbereitung d. Neuplatonismus 1930, 148f). W. δύναμις and σωφρονισμός 2 Ti 1:7. Cp. B 1:6.—Attributes of love: ἀνυπόκριτος Ro 12:9; 2 Cor 6:6. γνησία 1 Cl 62:2. φιλόθεος and φιλάνθρωπος Agr 7. σύμφωνος IEph 4:1 ἄοκνος IPol 7:2. ἐκτενής 1 Pt 4:8. It is a fruit of the Spirit καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος Gal 5:22, and takes first rank among the fruits. ἀ. τοῦ πνεύματος Ro 15:30; cp. Col 1:8. Since the term denotes concern for another, the sense alms, charity ISm 6:2 is readily apparent (cp. ἀ. λαμβάνειν ‘receive alms’ PGen 14, 7).—ἀσπάζεται ὑμᾶς ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν ἀδελφῶν the members greet you with love IPhld 11:2; ISm 12:1, cp. ITr 13:1; IRo 9:3. In these passages the object of the love is often made plain by the context; in others it is

β. expressly mentioned

א. impers. ἀ. τῆς ἀληθείας 2 Th 2:10; ἀ. τῆς πατρίδος love for the homeland 1 Cl 55:5.

ב. human beings ἀ. εἴς τινα love for someone εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἁγίους Eph 1:15; Col 1:4. εἰς ἀλλήλους καὶ εἰς πάντας 1 Th 3:12; 2 Th 1:3; cp. 2 Cor 2:4, 8; 1 Pt 4:8; 2J 6. ἐν ἀλλήλοις J 13:35. ἐξ ἡμῶν ἐν ὑμῖν 2 Cor 8:7; ἡ ἀ. μου μετὰ ὑμῶν 1 Cor 16:24.

ג. God or Christ (πρὸς τὸν θεόν Orig., C. Cels. 3, 15, 12) ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ love toward God (but in many cases the gen. may be subjective) Lk 11:42; J 5:42; 2 Th 3:5; 1J 2:5, 15; 3:17; 4:12; 5:3; 2 Cor 7:1 P 46 (for φόβος); ἀ. εἰς θεὸν καὶ Χριστὸν καὶ εἰς τὸν πλησίον Pol 3:3; ἀ. εἰς τὸ ὄνομα θεοῦ Hb 6:10.

ⓑ of the love of God and Christ

α. to humans. Of God (cp. Wsd 3:9): 1J 4:10; ἐν ἡμῖν 1J 4:9, 16. εἰς ἡμᾶς Ro 5:8, cp. vs. 5. τετελείωται ἡ ἀ. μεθʼ ἡμῶν 1J 4:17 (s. HPreisker app. to HWindisch Comm. 167); ἀπὸ τῆς ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς ἐν χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Ro 8:39. ἀγάπην διδόναι bestow love 1J 3:1; ἐν ἀ. προορίσας ἡμᾶς εἰς υἱοθεσίαν Eph 1:4f: the rhythm of the passage suggests the believers as agents for ἀ. in vs. 4 (cp. vs. 15), but 2:4 favors God; s. the comm.—2 Cor 13:13; Jd 2 and 21. God is the source of love 1J 4:7, the θεὸς τῆς ἀ. 2 Cor 13:11, and therefore God is love 1J 4:8, 16. Christians, embraced by God’s love, are τέκνα ἀγάπης B 9:7; 21:9.—Of Jesus’ love J 15:9, 10a, 13 (s. MDibelius, Joh 15:13: Deissmann Festschr. 1927, 168–86); 1J 3:16.—Ro 8:35; 2 Cor 5:14; cp. Eph 3:19. Perh. the ἀληθὴς ἀγάπη of Pol 1:1 is a designation of Jesus or his exemplary concern for others.

β. of the relation betw. God and Christ J 15:10b; 17:26 (on the constr. cp. Pel.-Leg. 12, 21 ὁ πλοῦτος ὅν με ἐπλούτισεν ὁ σατανᾶς). τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἀ. αὐτοῦ of the son of (God’s) love, i.e. of (God’s) beloved son Col 1:13 (s. PsSol 13:9 υἱὸς ἀγαπήσεως).—WLütgert, D. L. im NT 1905; BWarfield, PTR 16, 1918, 1–45; 153–203; JMoffatt, Love in the NT 1929; HPreisker, StKr 95, 1924, 272–94, D. urchr. Botschaft v. der L. Gottes 1930; RSchütz, D. Vorgeschichte der joh. Formel ὁ θεὸς ἀγ. ἐστίν diss. Kiel 1917; CBowen, Love in the Fourth Gosp.: JR 13, ’33, 39–49; GEichholz, Glaube u. L. im 1 J: EvTh ’37, 411–37. On ἔρως and ἀ. s. Harnack, SBBerlAk 1918, 81–94; ANygren, Eros u. Agape I 1930, II ’37 (Eng. tr. Agape and Eros, AHebert and PWatson ’32, ’39; on this JRobinson, Theology 48, ’45, 98–104); LGrünhut, Eros u. Ag. ’31. Cp. CTarelli, Ἀγάπη: JTS n.s. 1, ’50, 64–67; ELee, Love and Righteousness: ET 62, ’50/51, 28–31; AŠuštar, Verbum Domini 28, ’50, 110–19; 122–40; 193–213; 257–70; 321–40; TOhm, D. Liebe zu Gott in d. nichtchristl. Religionen, ’50; WHarrelson, The Idea of Agape: JR 31, ’51, 169–82; VWarnach, Agape: Die Liebe als Grundmotiv der ntl. Theol. 1951; JSteinmueller, Ἐρᾶν, Φιλεῖν, Ἀγαπᾶν in Extrabiblical and Bibl. Sources: Studia Anselmiana 27f, ’51, 404–23.—Full bibliog. in HRiesenfeld, Étude bibliographique sur la notion biblique d’ ἀγάπη, surtout dans 1 Cor 13: ConNeot 5, ’41, 1–32; s. also EDNT.

② a common meal eaten by early Christians in connection with their worship, for the purpose of fostering and expressing mutual affection and concern, fellowship meal, a love-feast (the details are not discussed in the NT, although Paul implicitly refers to it 1 Cor 11:17ff; cp. D 9–10; s. also Pliny Ep. 10, 96, 7; AcPlTh 25 [Aa I 252]; Clem. Al., Paed. 2, 1, 4, Strom. 3, 2, 10; Pass. Perp. et Felic. 17, 1; Tertull., Apolog. 39, De Jejun. 17; Minucius Felix 31) Jd 12 (v.l. ἀπάταις; in 2 Pt 2:13 ἀγάπαις is v.l. for ἀπάταις; the same v.l. Eccl 9:6, where ἀπάτη in ms. S is meaningless: s. RSchütz, ZNW 18, 1918, 224; s. ἀγαπάω 3 on J 13:1, 34). ἀγάπη ἄφθαρτος IRo 7:3. ἀγάπην ποιεῖν hold a love-feast ISm 8:2, in both pass. w. prob. ref. to the eucharist (s. ἀγαπάω 2 and 3).—Meals accompanied by religious rites and in a religious context were conducted by various social groups among the Greeks from early times (s. Bauer’s Introduction, pp. xxvii–viii, above). A scholion on Pla. 122b says of such meals among the Lacedaemonians that they were called φιλίτια, because they φιλίας συναγωγά ἐστιν. Is ἀγ. perhaps a translation of φιλία into Christian terminology?—JKeating, The Ag. and the Eucharist in the Early Church 1901; HLeclercq, Dict. d’Arch. I 1903, 775–848; FFunk, Kirchengesch. Abhdlgen. 3, 1907, 1–41; EBaumgartner, Eucharistie u. Ag. im Urchr. 1909; RCole, Love Feasts, a History of the Christian Ag. 1916; GWetter, Altchr. Liturgien II 1921; HLietzmann, Messe u. Herrenmahl 1926 (on this ALoisy, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. I 1928, 77–95); KVölker, Mysterium u. Ag. 1927; DTambolleo, Le Agapi ’31; BReicke, Diakonie, Festfreude u. Zelos in Verbindung mit der altchristlichen Agapenfeier, ’51.—TSöding, Das Wortfeld der Liebe im paganen und biblischen Griechisch: ETL 68, ’92, 284–330.—DELG s.v. ἀγαπάω. M-M. TW. Spicq. TRE s.v. Liebe.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀγάπη
13 ἐκ

ἐκ, before a vowel [full] ἐξ, also

A ἐξ τῳ ϝοίκῳ Inscr.Cypr. 135.5
H., in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. before ς ξ ζ ρ and less freq. λ ; ἐγ- in Inscrr. before β γ δ λ μ ν ; Cret. and [dialect] Boeot. [full] ἐς Leg.Gort.2.49, Corinn.Supp.2.67 ; ἐχ freq. in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. before χ φ θ (and in early Inscrr. before ς, IG12.304.20) ; also ἐ Ναυπάκτω ib.9(1).334.8 ([dialect] Locr.) ; (ἐτ is for ἐπὶ in ib 9(2).517.14 (Thess.)):—Prep. governing GEN. only (exc. in Cypr. and Arc., c. dat., Inscr.Cypr.135.5 H. ([place name] Idalium), (in form ἐς) IG5(2).6.49 (Tegea, iv B.C.)):—radical sense, from out of, freq. also simply, from.

I OF PLACE, the most freq. usage, variously modified:

1 of Motion, out of, forth from, ἐκ Πύλου ἐλθὼν τηλόθεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης Il.1.269
, cf.Pl.Prt. 321c, etc. ; μάχης ἔκ Il.17.207
; ἂψ ἐκ δυσμενέων ἀνδρῶν 24.288
; ἐξ ὀχέων, ἐξ ἕδρης, 3.29, 19.77 ; φεύγειν ἐκ πολέμοιο 7.119
; ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων ἐλθεῖν X.Cyr.6.2.9
; ἐκ χειρῶν γέρας εἵλετο Il.9.344
, cf. S.Ph. 1287 (but ἐκ χειρὸς βάλλειν or παίειν to strike with a spear in the hand, opp. ἀντιτοξεύειν or ἀκοντίζειν, X.An.3.3.15, Cyr.4.3.16 ; ἐκ χειρὸς τὴν μάχην ποιεῖσθαι ib.6.2.16, cf. 6.3.24, etc.) ; ἐκ χρυσῶν φιαλῶν πίνειν ib.5.3.3 ; ἐξ ἀγορᾶς ὠνεῖσθαι Pl.Com.190
.

2 ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον I loved her from my heart, with all my heart, Il.9.343 ; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσπάσασθαι X.Oec.10.4
; μέγαν ἐκ θυμοῦ κλάζοντες Ἄρη A.Ag.48
(anap.) ; δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός Id.Th. 919
(anap.) ; οὐδὲν ἐκ σαυτῆς λέγεις S.El. 344
; ἐξ εὐμενῶν στέρνων δέχεσθαι receive with kindly heart, Id.OC 486 ; ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀρθῶν δὲ κἀξ ὀρθῆς φρενός Id.OT 528
; ὀρθὸς ἐξ ὀρθῶν δίφρων with chariot still upright, Id.El. 742 ; ἐξ ἀκινήτου ποδός Id.Tr. 875
; ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός Id.Ph.91
.

3 to denote change or succession, freq. with an antithetic repetition of the same word, δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ one evil comes from (or after) another, Il.19.290 ; ἐκ φόβου φόβον τρέφω S.Tr.28
; πόλιν ἐκ πόλεως ἀμείβειν, ἀλλάττειν, Pl. Sph. 224b, Plt. 289e ; λόγον ἐκ λόγου λέγειν D.18.313
; πόρους ἐκ πόρων ὑπισχνούμενοι Alciphr.1.8
; ἀπαλλάττειν τινὰ ἐκ γόων S.El. 291
; ἐκ κακῶν πεφευγέναι Id.Ant. 437
: hence, instead of, τυφλὸς ἐκ δεδορκότος Id.OT 454
; λευκὴν..ἐκ μελαίνης ἀμφιβάλλομαι τρίχα Id.Ant. 1093
; ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς D.18.131
, cf. X. An.7.7.28, etc.

4 to express separation or distinction from a number, ἐκ πολέων πίσυρες four out of many, Il.15.680 ; μοῦνος ἐξ ἁπάντων σωθῆναι Hdt.5.87
; εἶναι ἐκ τῶν δυναμένων to be one of the wealthy, Pl.Grg. 525e ; ἐμοὶ ἐκ πασέων Ζεὺς ἄλγε' ἔδωκεν to me out of (i.e. above) all, Il. 18.431, cf. 432 ; ἐκ πάντων μάλιστα 4.96
, cf. S.Ant. 1137 (lyr.), etc. ; redundant, εἷς τῶν ἐκ τῶν φίλων σου LXX Jd.15.2
.

5 of Position, outside of, beyond, chiefly in early writers, ἐκ βελέων out of shot, Il.14.130, etc. ; ἐκ καπνοῦ out of the smoke, Od.19.7 ; ἐκ πατρίδος banished from one's country, 15.272 ; ἐκ μεσου κατῆστο sate down apart from the company, Hdt.3.83 ; ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι out of its accustomed quarters, Id.2.142; ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν out of sight, Id.5.24 ; ἐξ ὁδοῦ out of the road, S.OC 113.

6 with Verbs of Rest, where previous motion is implied, on, in, δαῖέ οἱ ἐκ κόρυθος..πῦρ lighted a fire from (i.e. on) his helmet, Il.5.4 ; ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο washed his body in the river ( with water from the river), Od.6.224 : freq. with Verbs signifying hang or fasten, σειρήν..ἐξ οὐρανόθεν κρεμάσαντες having hung a chain from heaven, Il.8.19 ; ἐκ πασσαλόφι κρέμασεν φόρμιγγα he hung his lyre from (i.e. on) the peg, Od.8.67 ; ἀνάπτεσθαι ἔκ τινος fasten from i.e. upon) a thing, 12.51 ; μαχαίρας εἶχον ἐξ ἀργυρέων τελαμώνων Il.18.598
; πρισθεὶς ἐξ ἀντύγων gripped to the chariot-rail, S.Aj. 1030, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ βραχίονος ἵππον ἐπέλκουσα leading it [ by a rein] upon her arm, Hdt.5.12 : with Verbs signifying hold, lead, ἐξ ἐκείνων ἔχειν τὰς ἐλπίδας to have their hopes dependent upon them, Th.1.84 ; ἐκ χειρὸς ἄγειν lead by the hand, Bion Fr.7.2 ; ἐκ ποδὸς ἕπεσθαι ib.6.2 ; ἐκ τῆς οὐρᾶς λαμβάνεσθαι Luc.Asin.23
: with the Art. indicating the place of origin, οἱ ἐκ τῶν νήσων κακοῦργοι the robbers of the islands, Th.1.8, cf. 2.5, 13 ; τοὺς ἐκ τῆς ναυμαχίας those in the sea-fight, Pl. Ap. 32b ; τοὺς ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶν those in the tents, D.18.169 ; ἁρπασόμενοι τὰ ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν X.Cyr.7.2.5
; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου ἔθεον Id.An. 4.6.25
: even with Verbs of sitting or standing, εἰσεῖδε στᾶσ' ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο from Olympus where she stood, Il.14.154 ; καθῆσθαι ἐκ πάγων to sit on the heights and look from them, S.Ant. 411 ; στὰς ἐξ ἐπάλξεων ἄκρων E.Ph. 1009
; ἐκ βυθοῦ at the bottom, Theoc.22.40 : phrases, ἐκ δεξιᾶς, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς, on the right, left, X.Cyr.8.3.10, etc.; οἱ ἐξ ἐναντίας, οἱ ἐκ πλαγίοὐ ib.7.1.20 ; ἐκ θαλάσσης, opp. ἐκ τῆς μεσογείας, D.18.301.

7 νικᾶν ἔκ τινος win a victory over.., Apoc.15.2.

II OF TIME, elliptic with Pron. relat. and demonstr., ἐξ οὗ [ χρόνου] since, Il.1.6, Od.2.27, etc.; in apod., ἐκ τοῦ from that time, Il.8.296 ; ἐκ τούτου X.An.5.8.15
, etc. (but ἐκ τοῖο thereafter, Il.1.493, and ἐκ τούτων or ἐκ τῶνδε usu. after this, X.Mem.2.9.4, S.OT 235) ; ἐξ ἐκείνου Th.2.15
; ἐκ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) for a long time, Id.1.68, etc.; ἐκ πλέονος χρόνου Id.8.45
; ἐκ πλείστου ib.68 ; ἐξ ὀλίγου at short notice, Id.2.11 (but also a short time since, Plu.Caes.28) ; ἐκ παλαιοῦ X.Mem.3.5.8
; ἐκ παλαιτάτου Th.1.18
.

2 of particular points of time, ἐκ νεότητος..ἐς γῆρας Il.14.86
; ἐκ γενετῆς 24.535
; ἐκ νέου, ἐκ παιδός, from boyhood, Pl.Grg. 510d, R. 374c, etc.; ἐκ μικροῦ παιδαρίου D.53.19
; ἐξ ἀρχῆς A.Eu. 284
, etc.; καύματος ἔξ after hot weather, Il.5.865; νέφος ἔρχεται οὐρανὸν εἴσω αἰθέρος ἐκ δίης after clear weather, 16.365 ; ἐκ δὲ αἰθρίης καὶ νηνεμίης συνδραμεῖν ἐξαπίνης νέφεα Hdt.1.87
; so (like ἀπό II) ἐκ τῆς θυσίης γενέσθαι to have just finished sacrifice, ib.50, etc.; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου after breakfast, X.An.4.6.21 ; ἐξ εἰρήνης πολεμεῖν to go to war after peace, Th. 1.120 ; γελάσαι ἐκ τῶν ἔμπροσθεν δακρύων X.Cyr.1.4.28
; κάλλιστον ἦμαρ εἰσιδεῖν ἐκ χείματος A.Ag. 900
; τὴν θάλασσαν ἐκ Διονυσίων πλόϊμον εἶναι Thphr.Char.3.3
; ἐκ χειμῶνος at the end of winter, Plu. Nic.20.

3 at, in, ἐκ νυκτῶν Od.12.286
; ἐκ νυκτός X.Cyr.1.4.2
, etc.; ἐξ ἡμέρας S.El. 780
; ἐκ μέσω ἄματος Theoc.10.5
; ἐκ τοῦ λοιποῦ or ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν for the future, X.Smp.4.56, Pl.Lg. 709e.

III OF ORIGIN,

1 of Material, out of or of which things are made, γίγνεταί τι ἔκ τινος Parm.8.12
; ποιέεσθαι ἐκ ξύλων τὰ πλοῖα Hdt.1.194
; πίνοντας ἐκ κριθῶν μέθυ A.Supp. 953
; εἶναι ἐξ ἀδάμαντος Pl.R. 616c
; ἐκ λευκῶ ἐλέφαντος αἰετοί Theoc.15.123
; στράτευμα ἀλκιμώτατον ἂν γένοιτο ἐκ παιδικῶν X.Smp.8.32
; συνετάττετο ἐκ τῶν ἔτι προσιόντων formed line of battle from the troops as they marched up, Id.An.1.8.14.

2 of Parentage, ἔκ τινος εἶναι, γενέσθαι, etc., Il. 20.106,6.206, etc.; ἐκ γὰρ ἐμεῦ γένος ἐσσί (where γένος is acc. abs.) 5.896 ; σῆς ἐξ αἵματός εἰσι γενέθλης 19.111
; ὦ παῖ πατρὸς ἐξ Ἀχιλλέως S.Ph. 260
; πίρωμις ἐκ πιρώμιος Hdt.2.143
; ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν Pl.Phdr. 246a
; τὸν ἐξ ἐμῆς μητρός S.Ant. 466
, etc.

3 of Place of Origin or Birth, ἐκ Σιδῶνος..εὔχομαι εἶναι Od.15.425
, cf. Th.1.25, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ἄνω εἰμί Ev.Jo.8.23
; ἡ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλή the Areopagus, Arist.Ath.4.4, etc. ; οἱ ἐκ τῆς διατριβῆς ταύτης Aeschin.1.54
; οἱ ἐκ τοῦ Περιπάτου the Peripatetics, Luc.Pisc.43 ; ὁ ἐξ Ἀκαδημείας the Academic, Ath.1.34b ; οἱ ἐκ πίστεως Ep.Gal.3.7
; οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας Ep.Rom.2.8
.

4 of the Author or Occasion of a thing, ὄναρ, τιμὴ ἐκ Διός ἐστιν, Il.1.63,2.197, cf. Od.1.33, A.Pers. 707, etc.; θάνατος ἐκ μνηστήρων death by the hand of the suitors, Od.16.447 ; τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα walls built by them, Hdt.2.148 ; κίνημα ἐξ αὑτοῦ spontaneous motion, Plot.6.1.21 ; ὕμνος ἐξ Ἐρινύων A.Eu. 331
(lyr.) ; ἡ ἐξ ἐμοῦ δυσβουλία S.Ant.95
; ὁ ἐξ ἐμοῦ πόθος Id.Tr. 631
.

5 with the agent after [voice] Pass. Verbs, by, Poet. and early Prose, ἐφίληθεν ἐκ Διός they were beloved of (i.e.by) Zeus, Il.2.669 ; κήδε' ἐφῆπται ἐκ Διός ib. 70; προδεδόσθαι ἐκ Πρηξάσπεος Hdt.3.62
; τὰ λεχθέντα ἐξ Ἀλεξάνδρου Id.7.175
, cf. S.El. 124 (lyr.), Ant.93, Th.3.69, Pl.Ti. 47b; ἐξ ἁπάντων ἀμφισβητήσεται Id.Tht. 171b
; ὁμολογουμένους ἐκ πάντων X.An.2.6.1
; τὰς ἐκ θεῶν τύχας δοθείσας S.Ph. 1316
, cf. Pl.Ly. 204c : with neut. Verbs, ἐκ..πατρὸς κακὰ πείσομαι Od.2.134
, cf. A.Pr. 759 ; τλῆναί τι ἔκ τινος Il.5.384
; θνήσκειν ἔκ τινος S.El. 579
, OT 854, etc.; τὰ γενόμενα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Hdt.1.1
.

6 of Cause, Instrument, or Means by which a thing is done, ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος in consequence of our fathers' friendship, Od.15.197 ; μήνιος ἐξ ὀλοῆς 3.135
; ἐξ ἔριδος Il. 7.111
; τελευτῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ τρώματος Hdt.3.29
; ἐκ τίνος λόγου; E. Andr. 548 ; ἐκ τοῦ; wherefore? Id.Hel.93 ; λέξον ἐκ τίνος ἐπλήγης X. An.5.8.4
; ποιεῖτε ὑμῖν φίλους ἐκ τοῦ Μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας make yourselves friends of (i.e. by means of).., Ev.Luc.16.9 ; ζῆν ἔκ τινος X. HG3.2.11
codd.; ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων τρέφειν ἐμαυτόν Isoc.15.152
; ἐκ τόξων ἀνύσαι γαστρὶ φορβάν S.Ph. 710
(lyr.).

7 in accordance with, ἐκ τῶν λογίων Hdt.1.64
; ὁ ἐκ τῶν νόμων χρόνος D.24.28
; ἐκ κελεύματος A. Pers. 397
, cf. Sophr.25 ; ἐκ τῶν ξυγκειμένων Th.5.25
; ἐκ τῶν παρόντων ib.40, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κρινόμενοι X.Cyr.2.2.21
, cf. A.Pr. 485.

8 freq. as periphr. for Adv., ἐκ προνοίας IG12.115.11
; ἐκ βίας by force, S.Ph. 563 ; ἐκ δόλου Id.El. 279
; ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ζητεῖν Pl.R. 499a
: esp. with neut. Adjs., ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο, = ἀγχίμολον, Il.24.352 ; ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανέος Hdt.3.150
; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς, Th.4.106, 6.73 ; ἐκ προδήλου S.El. 1429
; ἐξ ἴσου, ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου, Id.Tr. 485, Th.2.3 ; ἐξ ἀέλπτου Hdt.1.111
, etc.: with fem. Adj., ἐκ τῆς ἰθέης Id.3.127
; ἐκ νέης Id.5.116
; ἐξ ὑστέρης Id.6.85
; ἐκ τῆς ἀντίης Id.8.6
; ἐκ καινῆς Th.3.92
; ἐξ ἑκουσίας S.Tr. 727
; ἐκ ταχείας ib. 395.

9 of Number or Measurement, with numerals, ἐκ τρίτων in the third place, E.Or. 1178, Pl.Grg. 500a, Smp. 213b ; distributively, apiece, Ath.15.671b.

b of Price, ἐξ ὀκτὼ ὀβολῶν SIG2587.206
; ἐκ τριῶν δραχμῶν ib.283 ; συμφωνήσας ἐκ δηναρίου Ev.Matt.20.2
.

c of Weight, ἐπιπέμματα ἐξ ἡμιχοινικίου Inscr.Prien.362
(iv B.C.).

d of Space, θινώδης ὢν ὁ τόπος ἐξ εἴκοσι σταδίων by the space of twenty stades, Str.8.3.19.

B ἐκ is freq. separated from its CASE, Il.11.109, etc.—It takes an accent in anastrophe, 14.472, Od.17.518.—[dialect] Ep. use it with Advbs. in -θεν, ἐξ οὐρανόθεν, ἐξ ἁλόθεν, ἐξ Αἰσύμηθεν, Il.17.548, 21.335, 8.304 ; ἐκ Διόθεν Hes.Op. 765
; ἐκ πρῴρηθεν Theoc.22.11
.—It is combined with other Preps. to make the sense more definite, as διέκ, παρέκ, ὑπέκ.

C IN COMPOS. the sense of removal prevails ; out, away, off.

2 to express completion, like our utterly, ἐκπέρθω, ἐξαλαπάζω, ἐκβαρβαρόω, ἐκδιδάσκω, ἐκδιψάω, ἐκδωριεύομαι, ἐξοπλίζω, ἐξομματόω, ἔκλευκος, ἔκπικρος.

D As ADVERB, therefrom, Il.18.480.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐκ
14 κῆδος

κῆδος

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `care, mourning, funeral rites; connection by marriage, affinitas' (Il.).

Other forms: Dor. κᾶδος

Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in ἀ-κηδής `careless, unburried' (Il.) with ἀκήδεια, - ίη, ἀκηδέω, - ιάω; also ἀ-κήδεσ-τος `id.' (Il.; Schwyzer 503), προσ-κηδής `carefull, connected, befriended' (φ 35, Hdt. 8, 136, A. R.); after προσ-φιλής?, cf. on the formation and meaning Sommer Nominalkomp. 110 n. 2, Levin ClassPhil. 45, 110f. - As 1. member in Κηδι-κράτης (IV^a; Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 236; after Άλκι-).

Derivatives: 1. κηδεστής m. `relative by marriage' (Att.) with κηδεστ(ε)ία `connexion by marriage', κηδέστρια f. `nurse' (pap.); also κηδέστωρ `educator' (Man.; archaising, s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 139f.). 2. Adjectives: κήδε(ι)ος `worth caring for, beloved, relative' (Il.), ἐπικήδειος `belonging to the dead, belonging to grief' (E., Pl. Lg. 800e), κηδόσυνος `dear' (E. Or. 1017) and κηδοσύνη (dat. pl. - σύνῃσι) `grief' (A. R.; Wyss - σύνη 42). 3. Denomin. verb κηδεύω `care for, bury, marry' (Att.) with κήδευμα `connexion by.' (S., E.), - ευσις `care' (Ael., Plot.), - ευτής `who cares for' (Arist.), - εία `connexion, burying' (E., X.), from where κηδειακός `who buries the dead' (Pergam. II^p). - Primary superlative κήδιστος `who is closest, most dear' (Hom.; Seiler Steigerungsformen 82f.). - Primary verb κήδομαι, aor. ipv. κήδεσαι (A. Th. 139, lyr.), fut. κεκαδήσομαι (Θ 353), perf. κέκηδα (Tyrt. 12, 28), also with prefix, e. g. περι-, προ-, `care, be cared for' (Il.); also act. κήδω, fut. κηδήσω `be grieved' (Il.); κηδεμών `who cares for, educator, protectorr' (Il.; after ἡγε-μών; Schwyzer 522) with κηδεμονία `care', - μονικός `caring for' (hell.), - μονεύω `be protector' (Just.); metric. enlargement κηδεμονεύς (A. R., APl.; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 63).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [517] *ḱeh₂dos `care, grief; hate?

Etymology: An r-stem alternating with the s-stem in κῆδος (: κῦδος: κυδ-ρός) is since Geldner KZ 27, 242f. supposed in Av. sādra- n. `grief, pain, disaster', IE. *ḱād-os- resp. *ḱād-ro-. The s-stem Thieme Der Fremdling im RV 158f. saw in the dark riśā́das-, acc. to Th. `caring for the foreigner'. One adduces further a few nouns in Italic, Celtic and Germanic: Osc. cadeis `malevolentiae' (gen. sg.), Celt., e. g. MIr. caiss `hate', also `love' (prop. *`care'?), Welsh. cawdd `offensa, ira, indignatio', Germ., e. g. Goth. hatis n. `hate, anger'. The Germanic words all go back on a zero grade s-stem, IE. * kh₂dos- (cf. κεκαδήσομαι); the other forms are ambiguous. There is no parallel to κήδομαι in the other languages. Cf. on κεκαδών(?). The etymology depends on the question whether `love' and `hate' may be combined. - Pok. 517; on the meaning also Porzig Satzinhalte 293.

Page in Frisk: 1,836-837

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κῆδος
15 νύμφη

νύμφη

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `bride, young lady', also appellation of a goddess of lower rank, `nymphe' (Il.) (Nilsson Gr. Rel. I 244ff.); metaph., e.g. `insect-pupa' (Arist.; Gil Fernández Nombres de insectos 208 ff.).

Other forms: Dor. -ᾱ (-ᾰ voc. Il. 3, 130 Chantr. Gr. hom. 200); AP 14, 43; Solmsen Wortforsch. 266)

Compounds: Compp., e.g. νυμφό-ληπτος `seized by the nymphs, raptured, delirious' (Pl., Arist.), μελλό-νυμφος `becoming bride', also `betrothed' in gen. (S., Lyc., D. C.).

Derivatives: A. Nouns. 1. νύμφιος `bridal' (Pi.), with accentchange νυμφίος m. `bridegroom' (II.; on νύμφη, νυμφίος Chantraine REGr. 59--60, 228 ff.); 2. νυμφ-ίδιος `bridal, wedding-' (E., Ar.; after κουρίδιος, s. on κόρη); 3. - ικός `id.' (trag., Pl. Lg.); 4. - εῖος, ep. -ήϊος `bridal, belonging to the bride' (Simon, Pi., S., Call.; as κουρήϊος, γυναικεῖος, -ήϊος etc.; Chantraine Forrn. 52); 5. - αῖος `belonging to the nymphs, sacred to the n.' (E., inscr.), - αία f. name of a water-lily (Thphr.); 6. f. νυμφάς, - άδος `belonging to the n.' ( πύλαι; Paus.); 7. νυμφίδες ὑποδήματα γυναικεῖα νυμφικά H. ; 8. νυμφών, - ῶνος m. `bridechamber' (LXX, Ev. Matth.); 9. νυμφάσματα n. pl. `bride's ornaments' (Orac.; prob. after ὑφάσματα freely formed; hardly with Thomas [s. Kretschmer Glotta 6, 307] haplological from *νυμφ-υφάσματα) ; 10. Νυμφασία f. Arcad. source, s. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2, 237 a. 3, 162 (cf. below against Kretschmer). -- B. Verbs 1. νυμφεύω `give in marriage, marry', pass. `be wedded' (Pi., S., E.) with νυμφεύματα n. pl. `marriage' (S., E.), sg. personified `bride' (S.; Chantraine Form. 186), νύμφευσις f. `marriage' (LXX); νυμφευ-τής m. `bridegroom' (E.) `groomsman' (Poll.), - τήρ `bridegroom, husband' (Opp.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 135), f. - τρια `bridesmaid' (Ar., Plu.), - τήριος `bridal', τὰ ν. `marriage' (E.). -- 2. νυμφ-ιάω `be in a frenzy', of a mare (Arist.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω, Schwyzer 732).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Unexplained. After Kretschmer Glotta 1, 325 ff. as `beloved, lover(ess)' to Lat. nūbō `marry' (prop. of the woman), OCS snubiti `love, court', IE * sneubh-. Also Meringer WuS 5, 167 ff. connects νύμφη with nūbō etc., but as `cover', as he takes, with Wiedemann, Wackernagel a. o., nūbō as `cover oneself' (cf. ob-nūbō); rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 7, 354. The inner nasal in νύμφη is then unexplained; failed attempts with mechanical root-analysis by Specht Ursprung 268 a. 282. Glottogonic speculations without interest are also mentioned by W.-Hofmann s. nūbō. For protidg.-pelasg. origin from the name of a source Νυμφασία Kretschmer Glotta 28, 273 (against this Krahe, s.a.). - Clearly a Pre-Greek word (not in Fur.). So prob. wrong Pok. 978. The nasal could be prenasalization. The voc. in -α may be the old nom. (Beekes, Pre-Greek endings).

Page in Frisk: 2,

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νύμφη
16 καλός

καλός, ή, όν (Hom.+; pert. to meeting high standards or expectations of appearance, kind, or quality) superl. κάλλιστος, η, ον (Diod S 5, 13, 1; JosAs 14:17 cod. A; ApcSed 11:4 p. 134, 14 Ja. καλλίστατε; Jos., Ant. 16, 142; Just., D. 20, 3; Tat. 28, 1).

① pert. to being attractive in outward appearance, beautiful, handsome, fine in outward appearance λίθοι κ. beautiful stones Lk 21:5. Of pers. (Lucian, Tim. 16, Dial. Mort. 1, 3) Hv 3, 13, 1; Hs 9, 3, 1.

② pert. to being in accordance at a high level w. the purpose of someth. or someone, good, useful.

ⓐ of things τόπον καλὸν ἀνακεχωρηκότα a beautiful remote place Hv 3, 1, 3; in the phys. sense free from defects, fine, precious opp. σαπρός (PLond II, 356, 4ff p. 252 [I A.D.]; TestJob 7:5 ἄρτον [opp. κεκαιμένον]) of fish Mt 13:48; superl. τὰ κάλλιστα the especially good ones vs. 48 D. Of a tree and its fruit 12:33; Lk 6:43. Opp. πονηρός of fruits Mt 7:17ff. Otherw. of fruits (Menand., Mon. 303 Mei. [402 J.] καρπός) 3:10; Lk 3:9; Hs 2, 4. ἀμπελῶνες m 10, 1, 5. τράγοι B 7:6, 10. γῆ good soil Mt 13:8, 23; Mk 4:8, 20; Lk 8:15. σπέρμα Mt 13:24, 27, 37f. οἶνος J 2:10ab; Hm 12, 5, 3. μαργαρῖται fine pearls Mt 13:45. Subst. (Epict. 1, 12, 12 καλόν τι ἐλευθερία ἐστί) καλὸν τὸ ἅλας salt is a good thing Mk 9:50; Lk 14:34. ἔργον something useful Hs 5, 2, 7.—Superl. of Polycarp’s writings συγγράμματα κάλλιστα most excellent writings EpilMosq 2.

ⓑ of moral quality (opp. αἰσχρός IAndrosIsis, Kyme 32) good, noble, praiseworthy, contributing to salvation etc. ἔργον καλόν, ἔργα καλά (Hippocr., Ep. 27, 30; Athen. 1, 15 p. 8f ἐν τοῖς καλοῖς ἔργοις; SibOr 3, 220) Mt 5:16; 26:10; Mk 14:6; J 10:32f; 1 Ti 5:10, 25; 6:18; Tit 2:7, 14; 3:8ab, 14; Hb 10:24; 1 Pt 2:12; 2 Pt 1:10 v.l.; 2 Cl 12:4. λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ 2 Cl 13:3. καλόν: ἐν καλῷ Gal 4:18b; cp. Pol 6:3. (Opp. κακόν) διάκρισις καλοῦ τε καὶ κακοῦ Hb 5:14 (Sext. Emp., Pyrrh. 3, 168 διάκρισις τῶν τε καλῶν κ. κακῶν). (τὸ) κ. (opp. κακ.) ποιεῖν (2 Ch 14:1; 31:20) Ro 7:21; 2 Cor 13:7. Without the contrast w. κακ. Gal 6:9; Js 4:17; 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17); Dg 4:3. κατεργάζεσθαι Ro 7:18. ἐργάζεσθαι B 21:2. καλὰ προνοεῖσθαι ἐνώπιόν τινος (Pr 3:4) Ro 12:17; sim. 2 Cor 8:21.—ἀναστροφή (cp. 2 Macc 6:23) Js 3:13; 1 Pt 2:12. συνείδησις Hb 13:18 (cp. PRein 52, 5 οὐ καλῷ συνειδότι χρώμενοι); φόβος 1 Cl 21:8; νουθέτησις 56:2; νηστεία Hs 5, 3, 5; μαρτυρία κ. a good reputation 1 Ti 3:7. ἐν καρδίᾳ καλῇ κ. ἀγαθῇ in a noble and good heart Lk 8:15 (w. ἀγ., as freq. in Gr-Rom. wr. to characterize exceptional citizens [s. καλοκἀγαθία], also Jos., Ant. 4, 67; 10, 188 al.; Just., A II, 2, 7 al.). Of the law morally unobjectionable (Maximus Tyr. 20, 9a) Ro 7:16; cp. 1 Ti 1:8. ἐντολαί Hm 12, 3, 4; Hs 6, 1, 1f. οὐ καλὸν τὸ καύχημα ὑμῶν 1 Cor 5:6. τοῦτο καλὸν καὶ ἀπόδεκτον ἐνώπιον τ. θεοῦ 1 Ti 2:3; 5:4 v.l.; cp. 1 Cl 7:3; 21:1; 60:2; 61:2; Pol 6:1 (Pr 3:4). πολυτέλεια καλὴ καὶ ἱλαρά Hs 1, 10. λειτουργία 5, 3, 8. Superl.: of martyrs ὑπόδειγμα κάλλιστον finest example 1 Cl 6:1.

ⓒ in any respect unobjectionable, blameless, excellent.

α. of pers. κύριος B 7:1; cp. 19:11 (καλό of God: Celsus 4, 14). μαθητής IPol 2:1. ἱερεῖς IPhld 9:1. διάκονος Χριστοῦ Ἰ. 1 Ti 4:6a. οἰκονόμος 1 Pt 4:10. στρατιώτης Χρ. Ἰ. 2 Ti 2:3. ποιμήν J 10:11ab, 14. ἀνταποδότης D 4:7.

β. of things μέτρον good, full measure Lk 6:38. θεμέλιος 1 Ti 6:19. βαθμός 3:13. ἔργον someth. helpful, beneficial 3:1. διδασκαλία 4:6b. παραθήκη 2 Ti 1:14. ὁμολογία 1 Ti 6:12b, 13. ἀγών 6:12a; 2 Ti 4:7. στρατεία 1 Ti 1:18. κτίσμα (3 Macc 5:11) 4:4. πλάσμα B 6:12. σκεῦος 21:8. βάπτισμα ApcPt Rainer 4. καλὸν θεοῦ ῥῆμα (cp. Josh 21:45; 23:15; Zech 1:13) Hb 6:5. τὸ καλὸν ὄνομα τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς Js 2:7 (in a Pompeian graffito [Dssm., LO 237; LAE 277] a lover speaks of the καλὸν ὄνομα of his beloved). οὐδὲν φαινόμενον καλόν (ἐστιν) IRo 3:3. πάντα ὁμοῦ κ. ἐστιν IPhld 9:2. τὸ καλόν what passes the test 1 Th 5:21.

ⓓ The term καλόν (ἐστιν) in the gener. sense it is good qualifies items that fit under one of the preceding clasifications (Pr 17:26.—כָּלָן=καλόν loanw. in rabb.).

α. it is pleasant, desirable, advantageous (Jos., Bell. 4, 163) Mt 17:4; 18:8f; Mk 9:5; Lk 9:33.—1 Cor 7:26a.

β. it is morally good, pleasing to God, contributing to salvation 1 Cor 7:1 (cp. Gen 2:18), 8, 26b; Hb 13:9.—οὐ καλόν Mt 15:26; Mk 7:27.

γ. καλόν ἐστιν αὐτῷ μᾶλλον it is better for him Mk 9:42; cp. 1 Cor 9:15. καλόν (σοί) ἐστιν … ἤ it is a(n) (greater) advantage (for you) …, than (cp. Jon 4:3; ApcEsdr 1:6 p. 24, 13) Mt 18:8f; Mk 9:43, 45, 47 (s. B-D-F §190, 2). καλὸν ἦν αὐτῷ it would have been better for him Mt 26:24; Mk 14:21 v.l. (B-D-F §358, 1; 360, 1). Without copula Mk 14:21; 1 Cl 51:3; IRo 6:1; 2 Cl 16:4.—That which is good or better is added in the inf., which forms the subject of καλόν ἐστιν (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 13 §46 καλὸν εἴη τινὶ θνῄσκειν; Polyaenus 8, 9, 2; Jos., Bell. 1, 650; 4, 163) Mt 15:26; 18:8f; Mk 7:27; Gal 4:18a; Hm 6, 2, 9; also the articular inf. (Menand., Monost. 283; 291 [396; 410 J.] καλὸν τὸ θνῄσκειν al.). κ. τὸ μὴ φαγεῖν κρέα Ro 14:21; 1 Cor 7:26b; IEph 15:1; IRo 2:2; Pol 5:3; MPol 11:1; w. acc. and inf. ἡμᾶς ὧδε εἶναι Mt 17:4; Mk 9:5; Lk 9:33; cp. Mk 9:43, 45, 47; B 21:1; with εἰ (ApcSed 4:2) Mt 26:24 (1Cl 46:8); Mk 9:42; 14:21; with ἐάν 1 Cor 7:8. S. B-D-F §409, 3; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT ’62, 76–78.—B. 1176; 1191. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καλός
17 σπλάγχνον

σπλάγχνον, ου, τό (s. prec. entry; Hom.+, almost always pl. σπλάγχνα, ων, τά; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 2:14; TestSol 18:29; TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 7 [Stone p. 8]; A 5 p. 80, 20 [St. p. 12]; Test12Patr)

① the inward parts of a body, including esp. the viscera, inward parts, entrails, lit. (Hom. et al.; ins; PRyl 63, 6; 2 Macc 9:5f; 4 Macc 5:30; 10:8; Philo; Jos., Bell. 2, 612) Ac 1:18 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 99 §410 of Cato’s suicide προπεσόντων αὐτῷ τῶν σπλάγχνων).

② as often in the ancient world, inner body parts served as referents for psychological aspects (s. καρδία): of the seat of the emotions, in our usage a transference is made to the rendering heart, fig. (Aeschyl. et al.; Pr 12:10; Sir 30:7; PsSol 2:14; TestAbrA; TestLevi 4:4, al. in Test12Patr; JosAs 6:1; Jos., Bell. 4, 263.—On Engl. ‘bowels’ in this sense s. OED s.v. bowel sb. 3), in our lit. mostly as the seat and source of love (so Herodas 1, 57; Theocr. 7, 99; Dionys. Hal. 11, 35, 4), sympathy, and mercy (not exclusively Semitic, cp. SEG XXVIII, 541, 14) σπλάγχνα ἐλέους the merciful heart (qualitative gen.; TestZeb 7:3; 8:2) Lk 1:78. Also σπλάγχνα οἰκτιρμοῦ Col 3:12. σπλάγχνα καὶ οἰκτιρμοί affection and sympathy Phil 2:1 (on the constr. s. B-D-F §137, 2; Rob. 130; difft. HNT ad loc.). τὰ σπλ. αὐτοῦ εἰς ὑμᾶς ἐστιν his heart goes out to you 2 Cor 7:15. ἐν τοῖς σπλ. ὑμῶν in your own hearts 6:12. σπλάγχνα ἔχειν ἐπί τινα have compassion for someone 1 Cl 23:1. κλείειν τὰ σπλάγχνα αὐτοῦ ἀπό τινος close one’s heart to someone in need 1J 3:17. ἀναπαύειν τὰ σπλ. τινός (ἀναπαύω 1) Phlm 20; pass., vs. 7.—On τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ ἐνεστερνισμένοι ἦτε τοῖς σπλάγχνοις 1 Cl 2:1 s. ἐνστερνίζομαι. By metonymy

③ of the feeling itself, pl. love, affection (Wsd 10:5; TestZeb 8:2; TestNapht 4:5) τὰ σπλ., ἃ ἔχετε ἐν Χρ. Ἰ. IPhld 10:1. ἐπιποθεῖν τινα ἐν σπλάγχνοις Χριστοῦ Ἰ. long for someone with the affection of Christ Jesus Phil 1:8.—Love=the object of love (Artem. 1, 44; 5, 57) αὐτόν, τοῦτʼ ἔστιν τὰ ἐμὰ σπλ. him, my beloved Phlm 12 (or in mng. 2, my very heart).—Sing. (Jos., Ant. 15, 359), fig. (occasionally since Soph., Aj. 995; BGU 1139, 17 [5 B.C.]) mercy, love σπλάγχνον ἔχειν ἐπί τινα Hs 9, 24, 2.—B. 1085f. New Docs 3, 84. DELG s.v. σπλήν. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > σπλάγχνον
18 θυμός

θῡμός, ὁ,

A soul, spirit, as the principle of life, feeling and thought, esp. of strong feeling and passion (rightly derived from θύω (B) by Pl.Cra. 419e ἀπὸ τῆς θύσεως καὶ ζέσεως τῆς ψυχῆς):

I in physical sense, breath, life, θ. ἀπηύρα, ἀφελέσθαι, ἐξαίνυσθαι, ὀλέσαι, freq. in Hom., Il.6.17, 5.852, 155, 1.205: c. dupl. acc., ἄμφω θ. ἀπηύρα 6.17
; ἐπεί κε.. ῥεθέων ἐκ θ. ἕληται 22.68
; λίπε δ' ὀστέα θ. 12.386; ἀπὸ δ' ἔπτατο θ. Od.10.163; ὀλίγος δ' ἔτι θ. ἐνῆεν Il.1.593
; μόγις δ' ἐσαγείρετο θυμόν 21.417
; ἄψορρόν οἱ θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἀγέρθη 4.152
; θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδών 11.334
; of animals, 3.294, 12.150, etc.: less freq. in Trag., A. Ag. 1388, E.Ba. 620 (troch.).

2 spirit, strength, τείρετο δ' ἀνδρῶν θ. ὑπ' εἰρεσίης Od.10.78
; ἐν δέ τε θ. τείρεθ' ὁμοῦ καμάτῳ τε καὶ ἱδρῷ Il.17.744
.

3 πάτασσε δὲ θ. ἑκάστου each man's heart beat high, 23.370, cf. 7.216.

II soul, as shown by the feelings and passions; and so,

1 desire or inclination, esp. desire for meat and drink, appetite, πιέειν ὅτε θ. ἀνώγοι Il.4.263
; πλησάμενος.. θυμὸν ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος Od.17.603
: generally, τά με θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι κελεύει Il.7.68
; βαλέειν δέ ἑ ἵετο θ. 8.301; αἲ γάρ με μένος καὶ θ. ἀνείη 22.346
; θ. ἐποτρύνῃ [τινά] Od.9.139; θ. ἐπέσσυταί τινι, ἐφορμᾶται, Il.1.173, 13.73; ἤθελε θυμῷ he wished in his heart or with all his heart, 16.255, 21.65; ἵετο θυμῷ 2.589
; so later θυμῷ βουλόμενοι wishing with all their heart, Hdt. 5.49; [ὄσσα ϝ] οι θ. κε θέλῃ γένεσθαι Sapph.Supp.1.3
; θυμὸς ὥρμα Pi. O.3.25
, cf. 38; θυμὸς ἡδονὴν φέρει S.El. 286
; ὧν ἐρᾷ θυμός Herod.7.61
; τῶν σφι θ. ἦν μάλιστα Hdt.1.1
; ἄλλως σφι θ. ἐγένετο θεήσασθαι τὸν πόλεμον Id.8.116
, etc.: with Verb omitted, σὲ γάρ μοι θῦμος ὔμνην Alc. 5
; ἄρχ' αὐτὸς ὥς σοι θ. S.El. 1319; ὅπου ὑμῖν θ. X.Cyr.3.1.37; βῆξαι θυμός ἐγγίνεται Hp.Prog.8
.

2 mind, temper, will, θ. πρόφρων, ἵλαος, Il. 8.39, 9.639; θ. ὑπερφίαλος καὶ ἀπηνής, νηλέα θ. ἔχοντας, σιδήρεος θ., 15.94, 19.229, Od.5.191; ἕνα θ. ἔχειν to be of one mind, Il.15.710, etc.; οὐδὲ λύκοι τε καὶ ἄρνες ὁμόφρονα θ. ἔχουσιν 22.263
; ἕτερος δέ με θ. ἔρυκε Od.9.302
; ἐμὸν θ. ἔπειθεν ib.33; θωπείας κολακικάς, αἳ.. τοὺς θ. ποιοῦσιν κηρίνους Pl.Lg. 633d
.

3 spirit, courage, μένος καὶ θ. Il.20.174; θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι λαβεῖν Od.10.461
; πᾶσιν δὲ παραὶ ποσὶ κάππεσε θ. Il.15.280; ψῦχρος ἔγεντο θ., of doves, Sapph.16; θ. ἔχειν ἀγαθόν Hdt.1.120
; θ. οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν S.El.26
; ὁ θυμὸς εὐθὺς ἦν Ἀμυνίας Ar.Eq. 570
; ἴωμεν ῥώμῃ καὶ θυμῷ ἐπί .. X.Cyr.4.2.21; φρονήματός τε καὶ θυμοῦ ἐμπίπλασθαι Pl.R. 411c
: so in Philos., opp. λόγος, ἐπιθυμία, ib. 440b, al., cf. Arist.Pol. 1328a7, 1327b24, Phld.Mus.p.26K., etc.; personified, Passion, Emotion, opp. Λογισμός, Cleanth.Stoic.1.129.

4 the seat of anger, χωόμενον κατὰ θυμόν Il.1.429
; νεμεσιζέσθω ἐνὶ θυμῷ 17.254
; θυμὸν ἐχώσατο 16.616
, etc.: hence, anger, wrath, δάμασον θυμόν 9.496
; εἴξας ᾧ θυμῷ ib. 598; θυμὸς μέγας ἐστὶ.. βασιλήων 2.196
; θ. ὀξύς S.OC 1193
; θ. κρείσσων τῶν ἐμῶν βουλευμάτων E.Med. 1079
, etc.; θυμῷ f.l. for θυμοῦ in S.Ant. 718; οἱ τῷ θ. πραχθέντες φόνοι Pl.Lg. 867b
; opp. λογισμός, Th.2.11, etc.; ἐπανάγειν τὸν θ. Hdt.7.160; ἐκτείνειν And.3.31
; καταθέσθαι Ar.V. 567
; δακεῖν Id.Nu. 1369
; θυμῷ χρᾶσθαι Hdt.1.137
, al.; ὀργῆς καὶ θυμοῦ μεστοί Isoc.12.81
(so τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὸν θ., i.e. the outward manifestation of ὀ., Phld.Ir.p.90W.); of horses, X.Eq. 9.2: pl. (not earlier than Pl., f.l. in S.Aj. 718 (lyr.)), fits of anger, passions, περὶ φόβων τε καὶ θυμῶν Pl.Phlb. 40e
; οἵ τε θ. καὶ αἱ κολάσεις Id.Prt. 323e
, cf. Arist.Rh. 1390a11.

5 the heart, as the seat of the emotions, esp. joy or grief, χαῖρε, γήθησε δὲ θυμῷ, Il.14.156, 7.189; θ. ἐνὶ στήθεσσι γεγήθει 13.494
; μιν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θ. ἵκανεν 2.171
; ἄχνυτο θ. 14.39, etc.; δόκησε δ' ἄρα σφίσι θ. ὣς ἔμεν ὡς εἰ .. they felt as glad at heart as if.., Od.10.415; μηδ' ὀνίαισι δάμνα.. θ. Sapph.1.4; of fear, δέος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ Il.17.625
, cf. 8.138; of love, τὴν ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον 9.343
; ἐκ θυμοῦ στέργοισα Theoc.17.130
; ἐμῷ κεχαρισμένε θυμῷ my heart's beloved, Il.5.243; reversely, ἀπὸ θ. μᾶλλον ἐμοὶ ἔσεαι wilt be alien from my heart, 1.562; ἐκ θ. πεσέειν, i.e. to lose thy favour, 23.595; ἔρωτι θυμὸν ἐκπλαγεῖσα E.Med.8
; ἐκ θ. κλαῦσαι Philet. 11
.

6 mind, soul, as the seat of thought, ταῦθ' ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θ. Il.1.193, etc.; ᾔδεε γὰρ κατὰ θ. 2.409, cf. 4.163, etc.; φράζετο θυμῷ 16.646
; ἐν θ. ἐβάλοντο ἔπος 15.566
; τοὺς λόγους θυμῷ βάλε A.Pr. 706
; εἰς θ. βαλεῖν τι S.OT 975
; οὐκ ἐς θ. φέρω I bring him not into my mind or thoughts, Id.El. 1347.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > θυμός
19 φιλέω

φῐλέω, [dialect] Aeol. [full] φίλημμι Sapph.79, cf. Ead. Oxy. 1787 Fr.1 + 2.24; [ per.] 2sg. φίλησθα Ead.22; late [ per.] 3pl.

A φίλεισι Epigr.Gr.990.12
(Balbill.): [dialect] Boeot. [full] φίλειμι Hdn.Gr.2.930: [dialect] Ep. inf. φιλήμεναι Il.22.265
: [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf. φιλέεσκε 3.388
, al.: [tense] fut. φιλήσω, [dialect] Ep. inf. φιλησέμεν Od.4.171
: [tense] aor. 1 ἐφίλησα Pi.P.2.16
, etc.: [tense] pf. πεφίληκα ib. 1.13:—[voice] Med., Poet. 1 [tense] aor. ἐφῑλάμην; [ per.] 3sg. ἐφίλατο, φίλατο, Il.5.61, 20.304, Call.Aet.Oxy. 2080.55; [ per.] 3pl. φίλαντο Lyc.274
; imper. φῖλαι Il.5.117
, 10.280; subj. φίλωνται h.Cer. 117
, Hes.Th.97; but φίλατο as [voice] Pass., A.R.3.66; also part. φιλάμενος IG14.1549
([place name] Rome):—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. [voice] Med. φιλήσομαι in pass. sense, Od.1.123, 15.281, Antipho 1.19: [tense] fut. 3 πεφιλήσομαι Call. Del. 270
: [tense] aor. ἐφιλήθην E.Hec. 1000
, Pl.Phdr. 253c: [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. ἐφίληθεν Il.2.668
: [tense] pf. πεφίλημαι Pi.N.4.45
, X.An.1.9.28; [dialect] Dor. part. πεφιλᾱμένος Theoc. 3.3
. [[pron. full] ῐ exceptin the forms ἐφίλατο, φῑλατο, etc.]: ([etym.] φίλος):— love, regard with affection, opp. μισεῖν, Pl.R. 334c, Arist.Rh. 1380b34; φιλήσω τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων IG12.15.36
; (on its relation to sexual love v. infr. 3); of the love of gods for men, φ. δέ ἑ μητίετα Ζεύς Il. 2.197
; πέρι γάρ μ' ἐφίλει (of the love of the master for his swineherd) Od.14.146; (also ὃν περὶ κῆρι φ. Ζεὺς.. παντοίην φιλότητα Od.15.245
, cf. Il.9.117); μάλα τούς γε φ. ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων Il.16.94
; εἰ.. Ἕκτορά περ φιλέεις καὶ κήδεαι αὐτοῦ 7.204
, etc.; of love for a child reared, Od. 15.370; αἰ δὲ μὴ φίλει, ταχέως φιλήσει κωὐκὶ θέλοισα Sapph.1.23
; λόγοις φιλοῦσαν οὐ στέργω φίλην S.Ant. 543
; φιλέων φιλέοντα Pi.P.10.66
; ὃν δ' ἐχρῆν φιλεῖν στυγεῖς A.Ch. 907
; μάλιστά σ'.. ἤχθηρα κἀφίλησ' ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ S.El. 1363
; ὃν οἱ θεοὶ φιλοῦσιν ἀποθνῄσκει νέος Men.125
; ὅσα θεοὶ ἀνθρώποις οὓς φιλοῦσιν [διδόασιν] SIG 985.48 (Philadelphia, i B. C.); οἱ φιλοῦντές τινα his friends, freq. in messages and letters, OGI184.10 (Philae, i B. C.), Ep.Tit.3.15, PSI8.971.30 (iii/iv A. D.), etc.; φιλεῖν ἐμαυτήν, αὑτόν, E.Hel. 999, Med.86, etc.:—[voice] Pass., to be beloved by one, ἐκ Διός Il.2.668
; παρ' αὐτῇ 13.627
, etc.; τινι E.Hec. 1000.

2 treat affectionately or kindly, esp. welcome, entertain a guest, Od.4.29, 5.135, Il.3.207, etc.; φίλος δ' ἦν ἀνθρώποισιν, πάντας γὰρ φιλέεσκεν ὁδῷ ἔπι οἰκία ναίων Il.6.15
; ξεῖνον ἐνὶ μεγάροισι φ. Od.8.42
; ξεῖνον ἄγων ἐν δώμασι.. φιλέειν καὶ τιέμεν 15.543
, cf. 14.322; θεὸς (i. e. Calypso) ἥ με.. ἐφίλει τε καὶ ἔτρεφεν 7.256
; τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτο; who would quarrel with a kind host? 8.208; etc.:—[voice] Pass., παρ' ἄμμι φιλήσεαι welcome shalt thou be in our house, Od.1.123, cf. 15.281.

3 opp. ἐρᾶν, τούτους μάλιστά φασι φιλεῖν ὧν ἂν ἐρῶσι regard with affection those for whom they have a passion, Pl.Phdr. 231c; ὥστε οὐ μόνον φιλοῖο ἄν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐρῷο ὑπ' ἀνθρώπων X.Hier.11.11
, cf. Smp.8.21; εἰκὸς τὸ φιλεῖν τοὺς ἐρωμένους Arist.APr. 70a6; but φ. is used of lovers, ἥ γ' Εὐρυμάχῳ μισγέσκετο καὶ φιλέεσκεν Od.18.325
; Λυσίθεος Μικίωνα φιλῖν φησι μάλισστα τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει IG12.924
; οὐκ ἔστ' ἐραστὴς ὅστις οὐκ ἀεὶ φιλεῖ E.Tr. 1051
, cf. Hdt.4.176 ([voice] Pass.), Ar.Lys. 905; of the love of man for wife, ὅς τις ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς.. τὴν αὐτοῦ φιλέει ( cherishes her) καὶ κήδεται ὡς καὶ ἐγὼ τὴν ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον Il.9.343
, cf. 486; τὴν αὐτὸς φιλέεσκεν loved and cherished as his wife, ib. 450; but ἐμὲ.. ἀτιμάζει, φιλέει δ' ἀΐδηλον Ἄρηα (Hephaestus speaks of Aphrodite) Od.8.309: Com., ὦ Δῆμ', ἐραστής εἰμι σὸς φιλῶ τέ σε καὶ κήδομαί σου Ar.Eq. 1341
.

b of sexual intercourse, Hsch. s.v. βαίνειν.

4 show outward signs of love, esp. kiss (not in Hom.), φ. τοῖσι στόμασι kiss on the mouth, opp. τὰς παρειὰς φιλέονται, Hdt. 1.134, cf. X.Cyr.1.4.27, Smp.9.5; κατὰ τὸ στόμα AP5.284
(Agath.); φιλήσω.. τὸ σὸν κάρα S.OC 1131
; πατέρα.. περὶ χεῖρε βαλοῦσα φιλήσει A.Ag. 1559
(anap.), cf. Ar.Av. 671, 674, Pl.Phdr. 255e, Ev.Marc.14.44, etc.: c. dupl. acc., τὸ φίλαμα, τὸ.. τὸν Ἄδωνιν.. ἀποθνάσκοντα φίλασεν the kiss wherewith she kissed him, Mosch.3.69:—[voice] Med., τὰς παρειάς kiss each other's cheeks, Hdt.l.c.

5 of things as objects of love, like, approve, σχέτλια ἔργα Od.14.83
; ἀοιδάν Pi.N.3.7
; οὔθ' ἱστῶν ἐφίλησεν ὁδοὺς οὔτε δείπνων.. τέρψιας P.9.18
, etc.; αἰσχροκέρδειαν S.Ant. 1056
, cf. 312; τὰς λευκοτάτας [μάζας] Telecl. 1.6 (anap.); Πράμνιον οἶνον Ephipp.28
.

6 of things as the subject, ἡσυχία δὲ φιλεῖ συμπόσιον Pi.N.9.48
; ἢ [μίτρη] μαστοὺς ἐφίλησε Call.Epigr.39
.

7 in making a request, οἶσθ' ὁτιὴ φιλῶ σ' ἐγώ, κἀμοὶ πιθόμενος ὑπαποκίνει τῆς ὁδοῦ Ar.Av. 1010
; so τί πράσσει Φηλικίων ὁ ἀγαθός; φιλῶ σε pray, how goes it with the worthy Felicio? Arr.Epict.1.19.20; so perh. in Herod.1.66, πείσθητί μευ, φιλέω σε (but rather 'I speak as a true friend').

II after Hom., c. inf., love to do, be fond of doing, and so to be wont or used to do, φιλέει ὁ θεὸς τὰ ὑπερέχοντα κολούειν Hdt.7.10
.
έ; ἢν ἁμάρτωσι τοῦ πατρικοῦ τύπου.. φιλέουσι διαφθείρεσθαι Democr.228
; Μοῖσα μεμνᾶσθαι φ. Pi. N.1.12
, cf. P.3.18; φιλεῖ δὲ τίκτειν ὕβρις.. ὕβριν A.Ag. 763
(lyr.); τοῖς θανοῦσί τοι φιλοῦσι πάντες κειμένοις ἐπεγγελᾶν S.Aj. 989
, etc.; rarely with part. for inf., φιλεῖς δὲ δρῶσ' αὐτὸ σφόδρα Ar.Pl. 645
.

2 of things, events, etc., αὔρη ἀπὸ ψυχροῦ τινος φιλέει πνέειν Hdt.2.27
; φιλεῖ ὠδῖνα τίκτειν νύξ A.Supp. 769
; ἐμπόρων ἔπη φ. πλανᾶσθαι S.OC 304
; φιλεῖ γάρ πως τὰ τοιαῦθ' ἑτέρᾳ τρέπεσθαι Ar.Nu. 813
(lyr.); φιλεῖ μεγάλα στρατόπεδα ἐκπλήγνυσθαι Th.4.125
; ὃ δὴ φ. ὁ ἔρως ἐμποιεῖν Pl.Smp. 182c
: esp. with γίγνεσθαι of what usually happens, ἀπὸ πείρης πάντα ἀνθρώποισι φιλέει γίνεσθαι everything comes to man by experience, Hdt.7.9.γ, cf. 7.10.ζ, 7.50, Th.3.42, Isoc.6.104, Pl. R. 494c, al.; οἷα φ. γίγνεσθαι Th.7.79
, cf. Hdt.8.128; without γίγνεσθαι, οἷα δὴ φιλεῖ as is wont, Pl.R. 467b; ὁποῖα φ. Luc.Am.9
.

3 impers., φιλέει δέ κως προσημαίνειν (sc. ὁ θεός) , εὖτ' ἂν .. Hdt.6.27; ὡς δὴ φιλεῖ.. λόγον ἔχειν ἀνθρώπους as it is usual for.., Plu.Pomp. 73.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φιλέω
20 φίλος

φίλος, η, ον, also ος, ον Pi.O.2.93: [[pron. full] ῐ: but Hom. uses the voc. φίλε with [pron. full] ῑ at the beginning of a verse, v. infr.].

I pass., beloved, dear, Il.1.20, etc.; παῖδε φίλω 7.279
; freq. c. dat., dear to one, μάλα οἱ φ. ἦεν 1.381
; φ. ἀθανάτοισι θεοῖσι 20.347
, etc.: voc., φίλε κασίγνητε (at the beginning of the line) 4.155, 5.359; with neut. nouns, φίλε τέκνον Od.2.363
, 3.184, etc.; but φίλον τέκος Il.3.162
; also φίλος for φίλε ([dialect] Att., acc. to A.D.Synt.213.28), φίλος ὦ Μενέλαε Il.4.189
, cf. 9.601, 21.106, al., Pi.N.3.76, A.Pr. 545 (lyr.), E.Supp. 277 (lyr.), Ar.Nu. 1168(lyr.): gen. added to the voc., φίλ' ἀνδρῶν Theoc. 15.74
, 24.40; ὦ φίλα γυναικῶν E.Alc. 460
(lyr.): as Subst.:

a φίλος, ὁ, friend, κουρίδιος φίλος, i.e. husband, Od.15.22; φίλοι friends, kith and kin, νόσφιφίλων Il.14.256
; τῆλεφίλων Od.2.333
, cf.6.287; φ. μέγιστος my greatest friend, S.Aj. 1331; φίλοι οἱ ἐγγυτάτω, οἱ ἔγγιστα, Lys. 1.41 codd., Plb.9.24.2; after Hom. freq. with a gen., ὁ Διὸς φίλος A.Pr. 306
; τοὺς ἐμαυτοῦ φ., τοὺς τούτων φ., Aeschin.1.47; φ. ἐμός S.Ph. 421
; τῶν ἐμε̄ν φ. ib. 509; τοὺς σφετέρους φ. X.HG4.8.25
: prov., ἔστιν ὁ φ. ἄλλος αὐτός a friend is another self, Arist.EN 1166a31; κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φ. Pl.Phdr. 279c
, cf. Arist.EN 1159b31; οὐθεὶς φ. ᾧ πολλοὶ φ. Id.EE 1245b20
; also of friends or allies, opp. πολέμιοι, X.HG 6.5.48; φ. καὶ σύμμαχος D.9.12
, etc.; of a lover, X.Mem.3.11.4 (in bad sense, Lac.2.13); φίλε my friend, as a form of courteous address, Ev.Luc.14.10, etc.; in relation to things, οἱ μουσικῆς φ. E.Fr.580.3
; ἀληθείας Pl.R. 487a
; τῶν εἰδῶν Id.Sph. 248a
; Χίους φ. ποιῆσαι Lys. 14.36
, etc.; ποιεῖσθαι Luc.Pisc.38
; κτᾶσθαι Isoc.2.27
, cf. Th.2.40; φίλους τιθέντες τούς γε πολεμιωτάτους E.Hec. 848
; φίλῳ χρῆσθαί τινι Antipho 5.63
; ἡμᾶς ἔχειν φίλους And.1.40
; for Hdt.3.49, v. φίλιος.

b φίλη, ἡ, dear one, friend, κλῦτε, φίλαι Od.4.722
; λόγοις ἐγὼ φιλοῦσαν οὐ στέργω φίλην S.Ant. 543
; of a wife, φίλην τινὰ ἄγεσθαι take as one's wife, Il.9.146, 288; ἡ Ξέρξου φ., of his mother, A.Pers. 832; of a mistress, X.Mem.2.1.23, 3.11.16; φίλην ποιήσασθαί τινα Antipho 1.14
.

c φίλον, τό, an object of love, τὸ φ. σέβεσθαι to reverence what the city loves, S.OC 187 (lyr.): addressed to persons, darling, φ. ἐμόν Ar.Ec. 952
(lyr.); so φίλτατον ib. 970; τὰ φίλτατα one's nearest and dearest, dear ones, such as wife and children, A.Pers. 851, Eu. 216, S.OT 366, OC 1110, E.Med.16: v. φίλτατος; τἀμὰ φίλα, τὰ σὰ φ., Id. Ion 523 (troch.), 613.

d οἱ πρῶτοι φίλοι, a title at the Ptolemaic court, OGI99.3, PTeb.11.4 (ii B. C.), etc.; or simply οἱ φ. τοῦ βασιλέως OGI100.1
; or οἱ φ. alone, ib. 115.4; τῶν φ. και διοικητοῦ one of the king's friends and dioecetes, PTeb.79.56 (ii B. C.).

2 of things, pleasant, welcome, δόσις ὀλίγη τε φ. τε Od.6.208
, cf. Il.1.167: c. dat. pers., αἰεὶ γάρ τοι ἔρις τε φίλη 5.891
, cf. Od.8.248, 13.295; οὐ φίλα τοι ἐρέω Hdt.7.104
; δαίμοσιν πράσσειν φίλα their pleasure, A.Pr. 660, cf. infr. 11.

b freq. as predic., φίλον ἐστί or γίγνεταί μοι pleases me, it is after my own heart, εἴ πού τοι φίλον ἐστί Od.7.320
; μὴ φ. Διὶ πατρὶ γένοιτο ib. 316, cf. Il.7.387; εἰ τόδε πᾶσι φ. καὶ ἡδὺ γένοιτο 4.17
; καί τοι φ. ἔπλετο θυμῷ Od.13.145
, etc.; τοῦτο μὲν ἴτω ὅπῃ τῷ θεῷ φίλον Pl.Ap. 19a
: less freq. c. inf., οὐ μὲν Τυδέϊ γ' ὧδε φίλον πτωσκαζέμεν Il.4.372
; πεφιδέσθαι ἐνὶ φρεσὶ φίλτερον ἦεν Τρώων 21.101
, cf. 24.334, Od. 14.378; so ταῦτα δαίμονί κοω φίλον ἦν οὕτω γενέσθαι Hdt.1.87
, cf. 108, 4.97: rarely c. part., εἰ τόδ' αὐτῷ φιλον κεκλημένῳ if it please him to be so called, A.Ag. 161 (lyr.): agreeing with pl., αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ' ἐστὶ φίλα φρεσὶ μαντεύεσθαι Il.1.107
, cf. Od.17.15; ἔνθα φίλ' ὀπταλέα κρέα ἔδμεναι Il.4.345
; σοὶ δ' ἔργα φίλ' ἔστω μέτρια κοσμεῖν Hes.Op. 306
.

c in Hom. and early Poets, one's own; freq. of limbs, life, etc., φίλον δ' ἐξαίνυτο θυμόν he took away dear life, Il.5.155, cf. 22.58; κατεπλήγη φίλον ἦτορ 3.31
; εἰς ὅ κε.. μοι φίλα γούνατ' ὀρώρῃ 9.610
; φίλον κατὰ λαιμόν 19.209
; esp. of one's nearest kin, πατὴρ φ. 22.408
, Sapph.Supp.20a.11; ἄλοχος φ. Il.5.480
: cf. φίλτατος: as a standing epith. when no affection is implied, μητρὶ φίλῃ Ἀλθαίῃ χωόμενος κῆρ angry with his own mother, Il.9.555: simply to denote possession, φίλα εἵματα 2.261
; φ. πόνος their wonted labour, Theoc.21.20.

d applied to the numbers 284 and 220, Iamb. in Nic.p.35P.

II less freq. (chiefly poet.) in act. sense, loving, friendly, Od.1.313, cf. Il.24.775: c. gen., φίλαν ξένων ἄρουραν friendly to strangers, Pi.N.5.8, cf. P.3.5: of things, kindly, pleasing, φίλα φρεσὶ μήδεα εἰδώς Il.17.325
; φίλα φρονέειν τινί feel kindly, Il.4.219; φ. ἐργάζεσθαί τινι Od.24.210
; φ. εἰδέναι τινί 3.277
; φ. ποιέεσθαί τινι deal with one in friendly fashion, do one a pleasure, Hdt.2.152, 5.37.

2 fond of a thing, attached to, ἄλλων νόμων Arist.Fr. 543
; δειλίας φίλον Pl.R. 604d
.

III Adv. φίλως, once in Hom., φίλως χ' ὁρόῳτε ye would fain see it, Il.4.347, cf. Hes. Sc.45, A.Ag. 247(lyr.), [ 1591], etc.; φ. ἐμοί in a manner dear or pleasing to me, ib. 1581.

2 in a friendly, kindly spirit, τήνδε τὴν πόλιν φ. εἰπών S.OC 758
; φ. δέχεσθαί τινα X.HG4.8.5
, cf. Pl.Epin. 988c.

IV φίλος has several forms of comparison:

1 [comp] Comp. φιλίων [pron. full] [λῐ], ον, gen. ονος, Od.19.351, 24.268: [comp] Sup. φίλιστος, η, ον, interpol. in S.Aj. 842.

2 [comp] Comp. φίλτερος, [comp] Sup. φίλτατος, v. sub voce.

3 [comp] Comp. φιλαίτερος X.An.1.9.29
, Call.Del.58: [comp] Sup. φιλαίτατος X.HG7.3.8
, Theoc.7.98.

4 regul. [comp] Comp. φιλώτερος X.Mem.3.11.18
codd., Call.Fr. 146.

5 also as [comp] Comp., μᾶλλον φίλος A.Ch. 219
, S.Ph. 886; φ. μᾶλλον Thphr. CP6.1.4
; [comp] Sup., μάλιστα φ. X.Cyr.8.1.17
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φίλος

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

The beloved — Título Restless Sin Ficha técnica Dirección George P. Cosmatos Dirección artística Erato Neocleous Producción … Wikipedia Español
The Beloved — ist eine britische Musikgruppe, deren Stil Elektronische Musik, Pop und Synthiepop sind. In Deutschland ist besonders ihre 1993 erschienene Single Sweet Harmony bekannt. Mitglieder: Jon Marsh – vocals; Bob Cannistraro – lead guitar; J. Scott… … Deutsch Wikipedia
The Beloved — articleissues cleanup = August 2008 wikify = August 2008 copyedit = August 2008Infobox Musical artist Name = The Beloved Img capt = Img size = Landscape = Background = group or band Alias = Beloved Origin = London, England Genre = Electronic… … Wikipedia
The Beloved Hotel — (Канкун,Мексика) Категория отеля: 5 звездочный отель Адрес: Condominio Playa Mujer … Каталог отелей
The Beloved Dearly — is a novel by author Doug Cooney.Published in 2002 by Alladin Fiction. Plot introductionAlways on the lookout for a fast buck, twelve year old tycoon Ernie stumbles onto a money making bonanza: pet funerals. He hires Dusty to decorate the burial… … Wikipedia
The Beloved (Grupo pop) — The Beloved, es un grupo británico de música pop Electrónica, mejor conocido por los singles Sweet Harmony , Hello , Your Love Takes Me Higher , y Satellite . Formación En 1983, Jon Marsh puso un anuncio en la prensa musical, que decía lo… … Wikipedia Español
Conscience (The Beloved album) — Conscience Studio album by The Beloved Released 8 February 1993 (album) … Wikipedia
Cry, the Beloved Country — This article is about the novel. For other uses, see Cry, the Beloved Country (disambiguation). Cry, the Beloved Country … Wikipedia
Cry, The Beloved Country — infobox Book | name = Cry, The Beloved Country orig title = translator = image caption = author = Alan Paton cover artist = country = South Africa language = English series = genre = Novel publisher = Scribners (USA) Jonathan Cape (UK) release… … Wikipedia
Cry, the Beloved Country (1951 film) — For the 1995 film, see Cry, the Beloved Country (1995 film). Cry, the Beloved Country Directed by Zoltán Korda Produced by Zoltan Korda Alan P … Wikipedia
Cry, the Beloved Country (1995 film) — For the 1951 film, see Cry, the Beloved Country (1951 film). Cry, the Beloved Country Theatrical release poster Directed by … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с греческого на все языки

the beloved

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с греческого на все языки

the beloved

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: